Sociology SY2

How members of the workforce are organised in relation to each other under capitalism. (In capitalist industrial societies, this is usually hierarchical, with a few at the top making all the decisions and giving orders, while the majority do what they are told)

Bowles and Gintis's theory that various aspects of economic production work have corresponging features in the educational system

Cultural skills, such as knowing how to behave, speak and learn, passed on by middle-class parents to their children

Every person having the same chances

The informal learning of particular values and attitudes in schools

A set of interconnected ideas that serve the interests of a particualr group

Getting people to behave in a desired way by convincing them that it is in their interests to behave in that way

The belief that individuals are far more important than social groups

Open-minded people who believe in personal freedom, democracy (the involvement of everyone in decision-making) and the rights of others

System where people are rewarded on the basis of ability and talent

The view that it is not true that the education system  rewards pupils based on merit i.e. intelligence and ability, usually via examinations and qualifications

Judgements based on the exculsive views of a particular group

The process of compulsory education

Education between the ages of 11 and 16

Schools that have a particular focus within their curriculum and links to specialist areas of work e.g. arts and media, business, languages, healthcare and medicine. They can select 10% of their intake on the basis of ability

Education provided by local and central governments

Judgements based upon univerally agreed principles

Making more resources available to schools in poorer areas in order to compensate for deprivation

'Cultural deprivation' theory suggests that some pupils' backgrounds are in some way deficient or inferior, 'cultural difference' explanations suggest that pupils' backgrounds are simply different, and that the mismatch with the culture of school places them at a disadvantage

The extent to which educational achievement differs between social groups

A means-tested sum of up to £30 per week given to post-16 students to support them in meeting the daily costs of coming to school

Lack of money leading to disadvantages such as an unhealthy diet and unsatisfacory housing

Treating certain groups more favourably than others, usually to help overcome disadvantages

A prediction that causes the outcome it predicts

System that offered three types of school (grammar, secondary technical and secondary modern), with students allocated according to abilities and the results of the 11+ test