-
HIV Tests
- HIV antibodies - 2-8 weeks, most by 3 months
- CD4+ T cells
- Viral loads
-
Clinical HIV Stages
- A - asymptomatic
- B - thrush, vulvovaginal, shingles, leukoplakia
- C - candidiasis of respiratory, all other opp infections
-
HIV Stages
- Primary - high viral replication, viral set point
- Asymptomatic - T-cell levels remain high
- Symptomatic - 200-499 CD4 T-cells
- AIDS - < 200 T-cells
-
HIV Treatment - Adverse Effects
- Anemia
- Pancreatitis
- Hepatitis
- Glucose intolerance/insulin resistance
- Hyperlipidemia
- Osteopenia and osteoporosis (HAART)
-
Protease inhibitors
- Inhibits viral protease enzyme crucial to maturation of HIV
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
- Hypercholesteremia
- Liver dysfunction
-
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)
- Bind directly to reverse transcriptase enzyme
- CNS symptoms
- Rashes
- Liver dysfunction
-
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
- Competitively inhibit HIV reverse transcriptase
- Lactic acidosis
- Liver damage
-
Candidiasis (Thrush)
- Agent - FungusCD4 - 200-500
- Sx - white plaque on tongue, redness, soreness, cheilitis
- Dx - microscope and culture
- Tx - topical meds, antifungal meds (fluconazole)
-
Cryptococcal
- Agent - Fungus from bird droppings enters through lungs --> brain
- CD4 - 50-100
- Sx - fever, fatigue, HA, mood changes, SOB
- Dx - culture, sputum, lung biopsy, CXR, CT scan, antigen test
- Tx - Ampho B, antifungal
-
Cryptosporidiosis
- Agent - parasite in water
- CD4 - 50-100
- Sx - watery diarrhea, abd cramps, dehydration, vomiting
- Dx - stool specimens
- Tx - fluid intake, anti-diarrheal med, improve immune system
-
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- Agent - common virus spread through body fluids
- CD4 - 50-100
- Sx - retinitis, sore throat, swollen glands, fever
- Dx - blood test
- Tx - antiviral (ganciclovir)
-
Histoplasmosis
- Agent - Fungus from environment, droppings
- CD4 - 100-200
- Sx - asymptomatic or pneumonia-like
- Dx - tissue samples
- Tx - antifungal meds (itraconazole)
-
Mycobacterium avium Complex (MAC)
- Agent - bacteria in environment infecting lungs, intestines, bloodstream
- CD4 - < 50
- Sx - fever, night sweats, abd pain, diarrhea
- Dx - tissue samples
- Tx - antibiotics (clarithro/azithromycin, rifabutin)
-
Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia (PCP)
- Agent - fungus infecting lungs that was once most common death in AIDS
- CD4 - 100-200
- Sx - fever, SOB, fatigue
- Dx - sputum, biopsy
- Tx - antibiotics (TMP-SMX)
-
Toxoplasmosis
- Agent - parasite that from animals that attacks brain
- CD4 - 50-100
- Sx - flu-like symptoms, eye pain, can remain inactivated in body
- Dx - CT, MRI, blood test, CSF biopsy
- Tx - aggressive therapy (pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, folinic acid)
-
Tuberculosis
- Agent - bacteria affecting lungs, brain, kidneys, spine spread through air
- Sx - coughing, night sweats, fever, weight loss
- Dx - CXR, blood test
- Tx - isoniazid and rifampin
|
|