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What is the purpose of the TATA box
It is the promoter region for transcription initiation
What are causes of increased EDV
Volume overload
:
renal failure
CHF
saline infusion
How do anal suppositories avoid 1st pass hepatic metabolism
via entering the inferior and middle rectal veins which then enter systemic circulation
What is Ergonvine
Ergot alkaloid that constricts vascular smooth muscle via alpha and 5HT receptors
Side effect of cholestyramine
Increases hepatic production of TG and VLDL
How does ASD present on ausculation
wide splitting of S2 without variation upon inspiration
Lightning neuro effects
peripheral nerve damage
seizures
confusion
respiratory arrest
autonomic dysfunction
What is this:
Fibrocalcific parietal pleura plaques in posterolateral midlung zones and over diaphragm
Asbestosis
Psammoma bodies in a brain lesion
meningioma- arises from arachnoid villi
Vitamin B 12 deficiency in spinal cord
Subacute combined degeneration
:
Dorsal column
lateral corticospinal tract
Peripheral axons
Acute tubular necrosis during the recovery stage
Decreased K+, Mg+ PO4-, Ca2+
What are Councilman bodies
Apoptotic hepatocytic that shrink
What is a cause of enterococcal endocarditis in the elderly
cytoscopy
What does the H. Influenza capsule contain
polyribosyl-ribital- phosphate
What does the posterior descending artery suppl
The diaphragmatic surface of the heart
Quervain thyroiditis presentation
thyrotoxicosis
tenderness over thyroid gland
increased ESR
decreased radioactive iodine
In the lungs where is the goblet cell absent
IN bronchioles, terminal bronchioles and respiratory bronchioles
Findings of Diastolic HF
nromal ejection fraction
normal ventricular volume
increased LVEDP
How does pulmonary embolism present with regards to pH and gas levels
hypoxemia with respiratory alkalosis
Side effect of Isoniazid
Hepatotoxicity
hepatitis with fever, anorexia and nausea
Confidence interval
Mena +/- 1.96 (SD/square root of n)
Why is methadone used for heroin addicts
Long half life which leads to no withdrawal symptoms
What is the ragged red fibers in mitochondrial disease
abnormal mitochondria that has accumulated under the sarcolemma
How does hydrocephalus in the infant lead to hypertonicity and hyperreflexia
Stretching of the periventricular pyramidal tracts
How does vagus nerve increase the work of breathing
Ach -> M3 receptors -> bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion
Where do intestinal carcinoids come from
They come from enterochromaffin cells
Pompe disease
a-1,4 glucosidase deficiency that leads to
:
hepatomegaly
abnormal glycogen in the lysosomes
no hypoglycemia
hypotonia
CMV special
= herpes virus = envelope comes from the nuclear membrane
Essential tremor
Difficulty holding position
better with alcohol
TX: B blockrs
What is rhinovirus
picornovirus = naked ss + RNA
+ RNA = mRNA -> replication and protein synthesis in host cell
Caspofungin
echinocandin which blocks glucan synthesis of the cell wall
Signs of Wiskott Aldrich syndrome
Eczema
recurrent infection
thrombocytopenia
What is the antidote for doxorubicin
Dexrazoxane -> to treat the radical formation injury leading to dilated cardiomyopathy
What is characteristic of tuberculoid leprosy
strong CD4+ T lymphocyte reaction
Which one of these does not belong
glucose-6-phosphate
Maltose-6-phosphate
galactose-6-phosphate
glucose-1-phosphate
F-1-phosphate
Fructose-1-phosphate
It does not have to be metabolized by PFK 1 (slows down)
Cheyne stokes
cyclic breathing with apnea
seen in CHF and neurological situations
What controls sensation of pain in the anterior tongue
mandibular nerve of CNV
AML stain
the Auer rods will stain peroxidase
Schizoaffective
First schizophrenia
then presents with mood disorder symptoms that last at least 2 weeks at a time
Propionyl-CoA to methlymalonyl CoA
Propionyl CoA carboxylase
Clozapine side effects
agranulocytosis and seizures
GLUT 4
on muscle and fat
responds to insulin
carrier mediated transport
How does morphine work in relation to K+
increases K efflux -> hyperpolarization
What are the two segmented viruses
Orthomyxovirus
rotavirus
What is paraneoplastic syndrome
The tumor cell product leads to autoimmune disorder
coccidioides immitus structure
spherule with endospores in the body
Phenelzine
MAO inhibitor for depressed
Leads to tyramine crisis when patient eats cheese or wine
Meclizine and dimenhydrinate
H1 receptor blockers for motion sickness
Also have antimuscarinic effects
Acyclovir activation
thymidine kinase -> monophosphate
then phosphorylated into triphosphate nucleotide
Mitral stenosis and stroke
Atrial enlargement leads to the development of mural thrombus
Rifampin as prophylaxis
To those exposed to H. influenzae and N. meningitidis
Fatty acid oxidation pro and con in stable angina
Creates the most ATP
but uses the most O2
P450 inducers
carbamazaepine
phenobarbital
phenytoin
Rifampin
Griseofulvin
T cell ALL most likely to present with
a mediastinal mass that can lead to dyspnea, dysphagia
Hemochromatosis in the liver
Liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma
IAA in atria
amyloid deposits in the atria form atrial natriuretic peptide
MEN thyroid cancer
From calcitonin C secreting cells ->
Medullary thyroid cancer
:
uniform polygonal or spindle shaped cells with extracellular amyloid deposit
Death in pituitary apoplexy
ACTH deficiency that leads to adrenocotical insufficiency
CMV descriptor
enveloped dsDNA
Abetalipoproteinemia
Vill tip (intestinal mucosa) with clear cytoplasm
steatorrhea
COX 2
inducible via inflammation 72Kd weight enzyme
Dipthteria toxin and exotoxin A of pseudomonas
Ribosylate EF2 which leads to no protein synthesis
SVC syndrome
dyspnea
cough
swelling of face, neck and upper extremity
headaches via increased ICP
BRCA 1
tumor suppressor gene that allwos for DNA repair
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Author
lazzsant
ID
182729
Card Set
Review 7
Description
Review 7
Updated
2012-11-11T23:13:04Z
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