Ch 12 Med Term

abdomen

anus

appendix

bile

cheek

lip

colon

bladder or sac

teeth

duct

duodenum

small intestine

esophagus

stomach

gum

tongue

liver

hernia

ileum

groin

jejunum (empty)

stone

mouth

pancreas

peritoneum

eat or swallow

anus and rectum

pylorus (gatekeeper)

rectum

saliva

sigmoid colon (resembles)

fat

vomiting

cavity that recieves food for digestion

three pairs of exocrine glands in the mouth that secrete saliva: the parotoid, the submandibular (submaxillary), and the sublingual glands

lateral walls of mouth

fleshy structures surrounding mouth

structure that forms the roof of the mouth; divided into the hard palate and the soft palate

small projection hanging from the back middle edge of the soft palate

muscular structure of the floor of the mouth covered by mucous membrane and secure by a band-like membrane known as the frenulum

tissue covering the processes of the jaws

hard bony projections in the jaws for masticating food

throat; passage way for food traveling to the esophagus and for air to the larynx

muscular tube that moves food from pharnyx (throat) to stomach

sac-like organ that chemically mixes and prepares food recieved from the esophagus

opening from esophagus to stomach (sphincter = band)

opening from stomach into the duodenum

small tubular structure that digests food recieved from the stomach

first portion of small intestine

second portion of small intestine

third portion of small intestine

larger tubular structure that recieves liquid waste products of digestion, reabsorbs water and minerals, and forms and stores feces for defecation

first part of large intestine

worm like projection of lymphatic tissue hanging off  the cecum with no digestive function; may help to resist infection

portions of the large intestine extending from the cecum to the rectum; identified by direction and shape

portion of colon that extends upward from the cecum

portion of colon that extends across from ascending cecum

portion of colon that extends downward from transverse

portion of the colon resembling an S in shape that terminates at rectum

distal portion of large intestine

dilated portion of the rectum just above the anal canal

opening of rectum to the outside of the body

waste formed by the absorption of water in the large intestine; usually solid

pooping

membrane surrounding the entire abdominal cavity and consisting of the parietal layer (lining abdominal wall) and the visceral layer (covering each organ in the ab)

space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum

an extension of the peritoneum attached to the stomach and connecting it with other ab organs

organ in the upper right quadrant that produces bile, which is secreted into the duodenum during digestion

receptacle that stores and concentrates the bile produced in liver

gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum, where it mixes with bile to digest food

ducts that convey bile; include the hepatic, cystic, and common bile ducts

upper lateral regions beneath the ribs

upper middle region below the sternum

middler lateral regions

region of navel

lower lateral groin regions

region below naval

loss of appetite

inability to swallow

accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

in the cheek

frequent loose or liquid stools

infrequent or incomplete bowel movements characterized by hardened or dry poop that's difficult to pass (constipo= to press together)

indigestion

difficulty in swallowing

belch

gas in the stomach or intestines (fart) (flatus = a blowing)

bad breath

vomiting blood

enlargement of the liver

red blood in poop

excessive level of bilirubin (bile pigment) in blood

yellow discoloration of the skin, sclera (white of eye), and other tissues caused by excessive bilirubin in blood

dark colored, tarry poop caused by old blood

feeling sick in stomach

feces containing fat

under tongue

tongue-tie; defect of tongue characterized by short, thick frenulum

inflammation of lip

swollen, twisted veins in the esophagus that are especially susceptible to ulceration and hemorrhage

inflammation of esophagus

inflammation of stomach

backflow of contents of stomach into esophagus, often resulting from abnormal function of the lower esophageal sphincter, causing burning pain in the esophagus

inflammation of gums

inflammation of tongue

inflammation of the parotid gland; also called mumps

sore on the mucuous membrane of the stomach, duodenum, or any other part of the GI system exposed to gastric juices

ulcer on stomach

ulcer on duodenum

narrowed condition of the pylorus

inflammation of a salivary gland

inflammation of mouth

abnormal, tube-like passageway from anus that may connect with the rectum

inflammation of the appendix

inflammation of the colon (large intestine)

chronic inflammation of the colon with ulcerations

benign tissue growths on the mucuous membrane lining the large intestine and rectum; adenomatous types are precancerous and likely to develop into malignancy

projected on a stalk

lying flat on the surface

abnormal side pocket in the GI tract; usually related to lack of diet fiber

presence of diverticula in the GI tract, esp of colon

inflammation of diverticula

inflammatoin of the intestine characterized by frequent, bloody poops; most often caused by bacteria or protozoa

inflammation of the small intestine

swollen, twisted vein (varicosity) in anal region

protrustion of a part from its normal location

protrusion of a part of the stomach upward through the opening in the diaphragm

protrusion of a loop of the intestine through layers of the abdominal wall in the inguinal region

hernia that is swollen and fixed within a sac, causing an obstruction

hernia that is constricted, cut off from circulation, and likely to become gangrenous

protrustion of the intestine through a weakness in the abdonimal wall around the umbilicus (navel)

inflammation of the lower portion of the small intestine

prolapse of one part of the intestine into the lumen of the adjoining part

inflammation of the peritoneum

inflammatoin of the rectum and anus

twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction

inflammation of the bile ducts

inflammation of the gallbladder

prescence of stones in the common bile duct

presence of stones in the gallbladder or bile ducts

chronic disease characterized by degeneration of liver tissue; most often caused by alcoholism or a nutritional deficiency

inflammation of liver

inflammation of liver caused by hep A virus, usually transmitted orally through fecal contamination of food or water

inflammation of liver by STD or exposure to contaminated blood or body fluids

inflammation of liver by exposure to infected blood; rarely contracted sexually

inflammation of pancreas

removal and microscopic study of tissue for pathological exam

removal of a portion of a lesion

removal of entire lesion

percutaneous removal of tissue or fluid by needle

exam within body cavity with a flexible endoscope for dx or treatment; used in GI tract to detect abdnormalites

exam of colon using colonoscope

exam of rectum and anus using proctoscope

examination fo the sigmoid colon with a rigid or flexible sigmoidoscope

exam of the lining of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum with flexible endoscope for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes

exam of the small intestine made by a tiny video camera placed in a capsule and then swallowed

endoscopic procedure including x-ray fluoroscopy to examine the ducts of the liver, gallbladder, biliary ducts, and pancreas; includes use of instruments to obtain tissue samples, extract stones, etc

exam of abdominal cavity with a laparoscope for Dx purposes or for surgery

xray of esophagus, stomach, and duodenum after contrast medium; barium most common swallow

xray of esophagus only

xray imaging with a fluorescent screen to visualize structures in motion

xray exam of small intestine; generally done with upper GI

xray imaging of the colon after administratoin of an enema containing a contrast medium

xray image of the bile ducts; often performed during surgery

xray of gallbladder after ingesting iodine

Cross sectional xray of abdomen to id a condition or anomaly within GI tract

imagine produced by a sonographic transducer within an endoscope to eval abnormalities of upper and lower GI tracts and adj structures

isoloation of a poops in a culture medium to id disease organisms

chemical test of poop to detect presence of blood

puncture of ab for aspiration of fluid

puncture of ab for aspiration of fluid in the periotoneal cavity

excision of an anal fistula

excision of a diseased appendix

union of two hollow vessels; a technique used in bowel surgery

treatment of morbid obesity by suregery to the stomach and/or intestines

repair of lip

excision of the gallbladder; common treatment for symptomatic gallbladder disease

excision of the gallbladder through a laparoscope

creation of opening in colon through ab wall to create an abdominal anus, allowing stool to bypass a diseased portion of the colon

repair of the esophagus

partial or complete removal of the stomach

partial removal and repair of stomach

formation of an artifical opening between the stomach and small intestine; also repairs a perforated duodenal ulcer

excision of all or part of the tongue

suture of the tongue

excision of the hemorrhoids

excision of a lobe of the liver

repair of a hernia

surgical creation of an opening on the ab to which the end of the ileum is attached; for ileal discharges

abdominal surgery using a laparscope

incision into the abdomen

excision of the pancreas

excision of the polyps

repair of the anus and rectum

oral insertion of a tube into the stomach for exam and treatment (usually to remove blood clots from stomach or to monitor bleeding)

insertion of a tube through nose and into stomach for various purposes such as to obtain gastric fluid specimen for analysis

drug that neutralizes stomach acid

drug that prevents or stops vomiting

drug that decreases motility in the GI tracdt to arrest spasm or diarrhea

laxative