Bio Ch. 32

chest pain associated with reduced blood flow to the heart muscle; caused by an obstruction of the coronary arteries

a small artery that empties into capillaries; constriction of these regulates blood flow to various parts of the body

a vessel with muscular, elastic walls that conducts blood away from the heart

a disease characterized by the obstruction of arteries by cholesterol deposits thickening of the arterial walls

a specialized mass of muscle at the base of the right atrium through which the electrical activity initiated in the sinoatrial node is transmitted to the ventricles

a chamber of the heart that receives venous blood and passes it on to the ventricle

a specialized connective tissue, consisting of a fluid (plasma) in which blood cells are suspended; carries within the circulatory system

a complex process by which platelets, the protein fibrin, and red blood cells block an irregular surface in or on the body; such as a damaged blood vessel, sealing the wound

any of several types of tubes that carry blood throughout the body

the smallest type of blood vessel, connecting arterioles with venules; their walls, through which the exchanges of nutrients and waste occur, are only one cell thick

the alternation of the contraction and relaxation of the heart chambers

the specialized muscle of the heart; able to initiate its own contraction, independent of the nervous system

a type of circulatory system, found in worms and vertebrates, in which the blood is always confined within the heart and vessels

the blood pressure measured during relaxation of the ventricles; the lower of the two blood pressure readings

a red blood cell, which contains the oxygen-binding protein hemoglobin and thus transports oxygen in the circulatory system

a hormone produced by the kidneys in response to oxygen deficiency; stimulates production of red blood cells by the bone marrow

fluid that bathes the cells of the body; in animals, it leaks from capillaries and is similar in composition to blood plasma, but lacking the large proteins found in blood plasma

the rapid, uncoordinated, and ineffective contraction of heart muscle cells

a clotting protein found in the blood in response to a wound; binds with other fibrin molecules and provides a matrix around which a blood clot forms

the inactive form of the clotting protein fibrin; it is converted into fibrin by the enzyme thrombin, which is produced in response to injury

a muscular organ responsible for pumping blood within the circulatory system throughout the body

a severe reduction or blockage of blood flow through a coronary artery, depriving some of the heart muscle of its blood supply

a cavity within the bodies of certain invertebrates in which a fluid, called hemolymph, bathes tissue directly; part of an open circulatory system