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Types of Depression
- Reactive (exogenous) depression
- Major (unipolar) depression
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Reactive (exogenous) Depression
- temporay lasting for a few weeks or even a few months
- feeling fades and the person returns to normal reoutines and outlook
- Occurs in reponses to some specific and identifiable psychosocial stressor (loss of a loved one, divorce, financial loss)
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Major (unipolar) Depression
- Women - dianosed 2x as often as men
- Elderly - major depression often masked by physical illness, normal aging process
- Childern - signs of major depression include - poor performance at school, irritabliltiy, loss of appetitie, social withdraw, pretending to be sick
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Four Subcategories of Major (unipolar) Depression
- Season affective disorder
- Postpartum depression
- Dysthymia
- Premenstral Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)
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Season affective disorder
believed to be due to decreased sunlight exposure during the winter months
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Postpartum depression
usually develops 2 weeks to 6 months following birth of child: Presistant care of newborn, sleep deprivation, social stresses, hormonial changes)
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Dysthymia
- a chronic type of depression where a person's mood are regularly low
- usually not as extreme as other types of drepession
- Primary sysmtom - low, dark, sad mood nearly every day for a least 2 years
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Premenstral Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)
- Marked by severe depression, irritablity, and tension before menstration
- more severe than those seeen with PMS
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Potential phsical disorders of depression
- altered hormonal levels
- chronic diseases
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Potential psychological disorders
- anxiety disorders
- eating disorders
- developmental disorders
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Potenial cause of Despression
- genetic predispostions
- social influences
- environmental influences
- medications
- biologial - insufficent monoamine neurotransmitters (dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin)
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treatment for depression
- tricyclic antidrepessants
- monoamine oxidase inhibitors
- Drugs to increase monoamine neurotrahnsmitter levels
- -dopamine agonists
- -dopamine reuptaek inhibitors (DRIs or DARIs)
- -Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
- -Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (NRIs)
- -Serotonin/norephineephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
- Psychotherapy
- Electroconvulsive shock therapy
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Bipolar (manic-depressive) disorder
- a mood disorder that causes quick mood swings between mania and depression
- affects men and women equally
- tends to run in families
- typically develops in late adolescence or early childhood
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Mania Signs
- energetic
- irritable mood
- not easilyt identified
- lasting days to months
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Bipolar - Causes unclear
- Genetic componet - autosomal chromosomes implicated; Y chromosomal abnormality
- Biochemical causes - altered neurotransmitter levels; substance abuse; hormones
- Environmental causes - illness, stress, diet and exercises
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Treatment for bipolar
lithium
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