psyc 2301 ch 6

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stages of memory
- stage 1-sensory memory
- stage 2-short term memory
- stage 3-long term memory
stage 1 memory
- sensory memory
- very short time, 1/4 - 3 seconds
- only studied with vision and hearing
- includes iconic memory & echoic memory
stage 2 memory
- short term memory aka working memory
- fades in approx 20 seconds once attention is lost
- limited to 7 pieces of info or between 5-9
- used to malipulate info
- some require more space than others
stage 3 memory
- long term memory
- encoded from short term to long term
- varies from a few moments to forever
- explicit & implicit
iconic memory
- visual sensory memory
- lasts about 1/2 second
echoic memory
- auditory sensory memory
- last 3.4 seconds
- asking "what did you say" then you answer anyways
purposes of short term memory
- encodes info for future short term or long term storage
- retrieves info from long term memory & manipulates it
maintenance rehearsal
- consists of saying something over and over again until it sticks
- stores it in short term memory
- forces you to focus your attention on that info
- prevents other info from competing for your attention/storage
chunking
- takes info and groups them into smaller units
- can improve short term capacity by giving chunks meaning
- ie: phone numbers, social security number
features of long term memory
- capacity appears to be limitless
- retrieval is generally easy and fast
- duration related to how it was encoded
encoding long term memory
- maintenance rehearsal-highly ineffective for long-term encoding
- elaborative rehearsal-giving things meaning and then engaging in rehearsal
what makes for better elaboration
- self reference effect-put yourself in the story
- wisual imagery-imagine what you are saying
explicit long term memory
- also called declarative memory
- things we are able to talk about
- semantic & episodic both in hippocampus
sematic (explicit) long term memory

retrieving general knowledge and facts
episodic (explicit) long term memory
- retrieving info concerning events or "episodes" in our lives
- in the frontal lobe
autobiographical memory
- consists of a special kind of episodic memory where you are the main character
- helps create a concept of who you are
implicit long term memories
- also called nodeclarative memories
- also called procedural memories or how to memories
- easy to demonstrate but hard to describe
- in the cerebellum
anygdala
- involved in ...
- -emotional memories
- -emotionally charged events are more likely to be remembered
retrieval cues

hints or cues that help you retrieve info from long term memory
retrieval failure

when retrieval cues are inadequate at jogging our memory
tip of tongue phenomenon
- ability to recall part of a memory but not the entire memory
- memory retrieval in not all or none
clusters of logical associations
- how longterm memory is stored
- if we talk things out we can usually answer the question
flash bulb memory
- forms in response to exposure to an emotionally charged event
- not accurate
four reasons why we forget
- encoding failure
- decay
- interference
- motivated forgetting
encoding failure

we never really knew it
decay
- momories fade oer time from lack of use
- never completely fade away
interference

retroactive & proactive
retroactive interference

new memory interferes with the retrieval of an old memory
proactive interference

old memories compete with the retrieval of new memories
motivated forgetting
- engaging in a process that promotes forgetting
- suppression & repression
suppression motivated forgetting

deliberate concious effort to forget
repression motivated forgetting
- unconscious effort to forget
- what most refer to as repression is actually suppression

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hollyeb

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psyc 2301 ch 6

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psyc 2301 ch 6

Updated

2012-11-08T20:06:36Z

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