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psyc 2301 ch 6
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stages of memory
stage 1-sensory memory
stage 2-short term memory
stage 3-long term memory
stage 1 memory
sensory memory
very short time, 1/4 - 3 seconds
only studied with vision and hearing
includes iconic memory & echoic memory
stage 2 memory
short term memory aka working memory
fades in approx 20 seconds once attention is lost
limited to 7 pieces of info or between 5-9
used to malipulate info
some require more space than others
stage 3 memory
long term memory
encoded from short term to long term
varies from a few moments to forever
explicit & implicit
iconic memory
visual sensory memory
lasts about 1/2 second
echoic memory
auditory sensory memory
last 3.4 seconds
asking "what did you say" then you answer anyways
purposes of short term memory
encodes info for future short term or long term storage
retrieves info from long term memory & manipulates it
maintenance rehearsal
consists of saying something over and over again until it sticks
stores it in short term memory
forces you to focus your attention on that info
prevents other info from competing for your attention/storage
chunking
takes info and groups them into smaller units
can improve short term capacity by giving chunks meaning
ie
: phone numbers, social security number
features of long term memory
capacity appears to be limitless
retrieval is generally easy and fast
duration related to how it was encoded
encoding long term memory
maintenance rehearsal-highly ineffective for long-term encoding
elaborative rehearsal-giving things meaning and then engaging in rehearsal
what makes for better elaboration
self reference effect-put yourself in the story
wisual imagery-imagine what you are saying
explicit long term memory
also called declarative memory
things we are able to talk about
semantic & episodic both in hippocampus
sematic (explicit) long term memory
retrieving general knowledge and facts
episodic (explicit) long term memory
retrieving info concerning events or "episodes" in our lives
in the frontal lobe
autobiographical memory
consists of a special kind of episodic memory where you are the main character
helps create a concept of who you are
implicit long term memories
also called nodeclarative memories
also called procedural memories or how to memories
easy to demonstrate but hard to describe
in the cerebellum
anygdala
involved in ...
-emotional memories
-emotionally charged events are more likely to be remembered
retrieval cues
hints or cues that help you retrieve info from long term memory
retrieval failure
when retrieval cues are inadequate at jogging our memory
tip of tongue phenomenon
ability to recall part of a memory but not the entire memory
memory retrieval in not all or none
clusters of logical associations
how longterm memory is stored
if we talk things out we can usually answer the question
flash bulb memory
forms in response to exposure to an emotionally charged event
not accurate
four reasons why we forget
encoding failure
decay
interference
motivated forgetting
encoding failure
we never really knew it
decay
momories fade oer time from lack of use
never completely fade away
interference
retroactive & proactive
retroactive interference
new memory interferes with the retrieval of an old memory
proactive interference
old memories compete with the retrieval of new memories
motivated forgetting
engaging in a process that promotes forgetting
suppression & repression
suppression motivated forgetting
deliberate concious effort to forget
repression motivated forgetting
unconscious effort to forget
what most refer to as repression is actually suppression
Author
hollyeb
ID
182530
Card Set
psyc 2301 ch 6
Description
psyc 2301 ch 6
Updated
2012-11-08T20:06:36Z
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