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Define Organizational Culture (Corporate Culture)
- A system of shared beliefs and values that develops within an organization and guides the behavior of its members.
- -Social Glue that binds memebrs of the organization together
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Name the Three Levels of Organizational Culture
- Level 1: Observable Artifacts
- Level 2: Espoused Values & Enacted Values
- Level 3: Basic Assumptions
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Define Observable Artifacts
- -Physical Manifestations such as manner of dress, awards, myths and stories about the company
- -VISIBLE behavior exhibited by managers & employees
- EXAMPLE: JCPenny showing a more flexible, informal culture allows business-casual and jeans on fridays
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Define Espoused Values and Enacted Values
LEVEL 2 of Organizational Culture
- Espoused Values- Explicitly STATED values and norms preferred by an organization
- Example: Signs posted stating that Trust is one of the driving principals
- Enacted Values-represent the values and norms actually EXHIBITED in the organization
- Example: Policy searching employees' upon entering and exiting despite the "trust" principal
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Define Basic Assumptions
-LEVEL 3-ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE
-NOT observable
-Represent the CORE VALUES of the organization's culture
-Those taken for granted and highly resistant to change
example: "Challenge the expected" motivate employees to go outside of their roles
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Name the Four FUNCTIONS of Organizational Culture & Give an example
- 1. It gives members an
- ORGANIZATIONAL IDENTITY
- Example: Southwest top executives reinforce the co's message=workers should be treated like customers & they celebrate employees who go beyond the call of duty
- 2. It facilitates
- COLLECTIVE COMMITMENT
- Example: "
a company that employees are proud to be apart of." Room for career growth, and there is no reason to leave.
- 3. It promotes Social-System Stability Example: the more effectivley conflict and change are managed the more employees perceive the work enviornment to be posotive and reinforcing. Providing displaced workers with 6 months to find new jobs.
- 4. It shapes Behavior with SENSE-MAKING DEVICE
Example: Helps employees understand why the organization does what it does and how it intends to accomplish long-term goals. Internship/co-op program provides 30% of new college hires.
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Define ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
-a formal system of task and reporting relationships that coordinates and motivates an organization's members so that they can work together that achieve the organization's goals.
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Define the ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
-is a box-and-lines illustration showing the formal LINES OF AUTHORITY & the organization's OFFICIAL POSITIONS OR WORK SPECIALIZATIONS
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Name the 2 kinds of information that organizational charts reveal about organizational structure
1. The VERTICAL HIERARCHY OF AUTHORITY-Who reports to who
- 2. The HORIZONTAL SPECIALIZATION-
- Who specializes in what work
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List the 7 Common Elements of an Organization
- 1. Common Purpose
- 2. Coordinated Effort
- 3. Division of Labor
- 4. Hierarchy of Authority
- 5. Span of Control
- 6. Authority, Responsibility & Delegation
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Define Common Purpose (1st element of an organization)
The means for unifying employees and giving everyone an understanding of the organization's reason for being.
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Define Coordinated Effort (2nd Common element of an organization)
The coordination of individual effort into groups or organization-wide effort.
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Define Division of Labor (3rd Common element of an Organization)
- AKA Work Specialization for Greater Effeciency
- The arrangement of having discrete parts of a task done by different people. An organization can delegate parts of the entire work effort to be performed by specialists thus resulting in greater effeciency.
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Define Hierarchy of Authority (4th Common Element of an Organization)
- Chain of Command.
- A control mechanism for making sure the right people do the right things at the right time.
- Authority works better when arranged in a hierarchy
- UNITY OF COMMAND- and employee should report to no more than ONE manager.
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Define Span of Control (5th Common Element of an Organization)
- Span of Management
- Refers to the number of people reporting directly to a given manager
- 2 types=
- 1. NARROW (TALL) - manager has limited number of ppl reporting. Example-Three VP'S report to ONE president...instead of 9 VP's
- 2. WIDE (FLAT) - manager has several ppl reporting. Example- First line supervisor has 40 subordinates
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Define Authority, Accountability, Responsibility & Delegation
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