bio ch.22

exchange of oxygen and CO2

flow of air in and out of the lungs

exchange of O2 for CO2 at the lungs

exchange of O2 for CO2 at the individual cells

metabolism; the cells will use the O2 in reactions that ultimately produce energy and CO2

extensions of the body surface for gas exchange; fish

extensive system of internal tubes; insects

holes in insects bodies; openings to tracheae

internal sacs to exchange O2 and CO2

nose

• incoming air is warmed, moistened, and filtered
• smells things
• modifies the sounds for speech; it helps you talk

lower, front portion of nose

lower, back portion of nose

throat

connects the ear to the pharynx

voice box

cartilage covering larynx; keeps food out of trachea

used if someone is choking; manually forces the diaphragm upward creating enough pressure to expel an object from the trachea

in larynx; produce sounds

windpipe

branches to each lung

last microscopic branch before alveoli attached

where O2/CO2 exchange takes place

keeps alveoli open

nose and pharynx

larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli

left lung has an indention where you can reach the heart without hitting the lung

lungs expand, air comes in; diaphragm contracts

lung decrease, air goes out; diaphragm relax

normal quiet breathing

temporarily stop breathing

difficult breathing

rapid breathing

slow breathing

make you take a breath

low O2 content

no O2

deep, rapid breaths that rid your body of CO2

inside red blood cells; carries more oxygen than plasma alone; carries 4 oxygens;

• be able to transport oxygen
• deliver oxygen to tissues
• require no blood typing
• suitable for long term storage
• survive in circulation for several weeks
• free of side effects
• free of pathogens

hemoglobin is messed up; carries 2 oxygens; sickled shape

maternal hemoglobin

trachea contracts; no air gets in

any situation where alveoli deterioate; low lung capacity

bad Cl- transpoter gene; thick mucus, can't breathe

respirtory disease that is spread easily; often resistant to antibiotics