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homeostasis
the art of staying the same; maintaining stable conditons on the inside no matter what your body is doing
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kidney
organ that filters blood to get rid of waste products and makes urine
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functions of urinary sytem
- regulation of ion
- regulation of water volume in bloodstream
- maintains proper ph
- elimination of cellular waste products
- retains nutrients
- secretion of hormones
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urea
made form breaking down proteins; secreted in urine
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dilute urine
urea dissolved in lots of water
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concentrated urine
urea dissolved in very little water
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protonephridia
a single cell through which wastes leaves; flatworms
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nephridia
small tube that releases waste products to the outside; earthworms
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renal artery
carries blood from the heart to the kidney to be filtered
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renal vein
carries blood from the kidneys back to the heart
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ureter
carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder
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urethra
carries urine from the bladder out
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in women the urethra is
short but has a wide diameter; more prone to bladder infections
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in men the urethra is
long, but very narrow; more prone to kidney stones getting stuck
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cortex
outermost portion of kidney
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medulla
innermost portion of kidney; contains many microscopic structures
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pyramids
triangle shaped sections of kidney; concentrates urine, contains nephron parts
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nephron
individual filters for blood; more than 1 million in each kidney
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column
tissue between pyramids of kidney; contains blood vessels
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papilla
tip of the pyramid; urine collects here
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calyx
tube leading from papilla to pelvis
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pelvis
major open area inside kidney that leads to the ureter
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afferent arteriole
small artery that takes blood into the glomerulus
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glomerulus
capalleries that filter the blood
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filtrate
the filtered blood; consists of water, nutrients, and waste products
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bowman's capsule
catches the filtrate
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efferent arteriole
small artery that takes blood out of the glomerulus
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proximal convoluted tubule
close coiled tube in cortex
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loop of henle
long loop to medulla and back to cortex; makes urine more or less concentrated
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distal convoluted tubule
far coiled tube in cortex
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collecting ducts
collects urine
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peritubular capillaries
blood vessels around nephron that do tubular reabsorption and secretion
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tubular reabsorption
takes water and nutrients out of proximal convoluted tubule and into the bloodstream
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tubular secretion
put extra waste products from the bloodstream into the distal convoluted tubule
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blood pressure in renal artery determines
urine volume
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high blood pressure makes
more urine
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caffeine
increases the size of the renal artery, so you get more urine
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antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
allows more to be reabsorbed back to the bloodstream; makes concentrated urine
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alcohol
cancels the effects of ADH, so less water reabsorbed; makes dilute urine
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dialysis
run blood through vat of chemicals; good stuff stays in blood, bad stuff dilutes into vat
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erythropoietin
hormone secreted by the kidneys; makes more red blood cells to carry more oxygen
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