chapter 6

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skeletal system is composed of
- bones
- joints
- cartilage
- ligaments
five functions of the skeletal system
- support and protect
- body movement
- storage area for minerals (phosphorus, calcium)
- production of blood cells
four classifications of bones based on shape
- long bone
- short bone
- flat bone
- irregular bone
long bone
- humerous
- radius
- ulna
- femur
- tibia
- fibula
short bone
- carpals bone of the wrist
- tarsal bones of the foot
flat bones
- sternum
- ribs
- scapula
- ilium
- outer cranial bones
irregular bones
- ischium
- pubis
- veretebrae
- inner cranial
two types of bone tissue
- compact bone
- spongy/cancellous bone
where is the compact bone primarily found
- the shafts of long bones
- on the outer layer of other bones
where is spongy bone primarily found
- ends of long bones
- center of all other bones
two primary functions of spongy bone
- decrease the weight of bones
- contain red bone marrow
ossification

formation of bone
mature bone cells are called

osteocytes
osteoblast

bone building cells
osteoclast

cells that break down bone
function of articular cartilage

decrease friction within a joint
three types of joints based on the degree of movement
- fibrous joints
- cartilaginous
- synovial
fibrous joints

immovable joints
cartilaginous joints

slighty movable joints
synaovial joints

freely movable joints
six types of synovial joints
- ball and socket
- hinge
- condyloid
- pivot
- gliding
- saddle
ball and socket joint

shoulder and hip joints
hinge joints

elbow and phalanges
condyloid joint

joint between the metacarpal and first phalange of the fingers and jaw joint
pivot joints

joints between the vertebrae and proximal humerus/radius joint
gliding joints

joints between the carpals
saddle joint

carpomentacarpal joint of the thumb
flexion movement

bending of a joint that decreases the angle between the bones
extension movement

bending of a joint that increases the angle between the bones
hyperextension

overextending joint beyond its normal extended positions
abduction movement

away from the midline of the body
adduction movement

toward the midline of the body
plantar flexion

bending the foot downward
doris flexion

bending foot up
inversion

turning the sole of the foot inward
eversion

turning the sole of the foot outward
supination

turning the palm up
pronation

turning the palm down
axial skeleton

framework of the head and trunk
appendicular skeleton

framework for the shoulders, hips, and extremities
the skull is divided into
- cranium
- facial bones
maxilla

upper jaw bone
mandible

lower jaw bone
sternum

breastbone
parts of the sternum
- manubrium
- body
- xiphoid
manubrium

superior portion of the sternum
sternum body

middle portion
xphoid

inferior portion of the sternum
how many pairs of ribs are there

12 pairs
pairs of true ribs

7 pairs (1-7)
pairs of false ribs

5 pairs (8-12)
floating ribs

rib pairs 11 and 12 have no anterior attachment
vertebral column is composed of
- cervical
- thoracic
- lumbar
- sacrum
- coccyx
cervical vertebrae

7
thoracic vertebrae

12
lumbar vertebrae

5
sacrum

5 fused bones
coccyx

4 or 5 fused bones
kyphosis

exaggeration of the thoracic curve (hunchback)
lordosis

excessive lumbar curve (swayback)
scoliosis

lateral curvature of the spine
first cervical vertebrae

atlas supports the head
second cervical vertebrae

axis acts as a pivot
bones of the shoulder girdle
- clavicle
- scapula
bone of the upper arm

humerus
lateral bone of the forearm

radius
medial bone of the forearm

ulna
bones of the wrist

carpals
bones of the hands

metacarpals
bones of the fingers and toes

phalanges
hip bones

coxal
three parts of the coxal bones
- illium
- ishcium
- pubis
thigh bone

femur
kneecap

patella
shin bone

tibia and is the medial bone of the lower leg
lateral position bone of the lower leg

fibula
bones of the ankle

tarsals
bones of the foot

metarsals
heel bone

calcaneous

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chapter 6

Description

ch6 skeleton system

Updated

2012-11-08T19:10:22Z

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