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What is the most common cause of proteinuria?
Lower Urinary Tract problem
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What is the hallmark of glomerular disease?
- Proteinuria
- Inactive sediment
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What is the classical definition of nephrotic syndrome?
- Proteinuria
- Hypoalbuminemia
- Hypercholesterolemia
- Edema and/or ascites
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What type of selective barrier is the glomerulus?
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What is the cause of most cases of immune complex glomerulonephritis?
Idiopathic
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What breeds of dogs does membranoproliferative GN have a predilection for?
- Soft-coated Wheaten terriers
- Bernese Mountain Dogs
- Brittany Spaniels
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What breeds of dogs does basement membrane disorders of the glomerulus have a predilection for?
- English cocker spaniels
- Samoyeds
- Doberman pinchers and bull terriers
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What breeds of dogs have a predilection for familial reactive systemic amyloidosis?
- Shar pei
- Beagle
- English Foxhound
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What breeds of cats have a predilection for familial reactive systemic amyloidosis?
- Abyssinian
- Siamese
- Oriental shorthair
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Where does amyloid usually deposit in the kidneys of dogs and horses?
Glomerular deposits
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Where does amyloid usually deposit in the kidneys of cats and cows?
Medullary
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What do shar pei dogs with amyloidosis usually have a history of?
- Recurrent acute self-limiting fever
- Tibiotarsal joint swelling
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What is the best way to distinguish renal amyloidosis from GN?
Renal biopsy
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What are the six possible presentations of glomerular disease?
- CRF signs
- Signs of infection, inflammation, neoplasm
- Proteinuria
- Nephrotic syndrome
- Thromboembolism
- Sudden blindness
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What are the most common physical findings related to chronic renal failure?
- Poor haircoat and body condition
- Dehydration
- small irregular kidneys
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When is a urine protein/creatinine ratio unreliable?
In the presence of pyuria and severe hematuria
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On average, the highest UPC ratios are seen in?
Glomerular amyloidosis
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What urine value has an increased prevalence that increases with age?
Microalbuminuria
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What is the most sensitive test to detect proteinuria?
Microalbuminuria
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What is the best treatment option for glomerulonephritis?
ACE inhibitors (Enalopril)
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How do ACE inhibitors decrease glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure?
By decreasing post-glomerular arteriolar resistance (efferent arterioles)
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What can be used in dogs with GN to inhibit platelet aggregation?
Low dose aspirin therapy
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What can be used to suppress glomerular inflammation and coagulation in GN?
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
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What drug is recommended for shar pei dogs with amyloidosis suffering from recurrent febrile attacks?
Colchicine
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What does increasing dietary protein do to dogs suffering from hypoalbuminemia due to GN?
Only worsens urinary protein loss
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Why is nephrotic syndrome a hypercoaguable state?
Loss of anti-thrombin III in urine (Fibrinogen > 300 mg/dl and AT III < 70% of normal)
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What percentage of dogs with glomerular dz get hypertension?
50-80%
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What is the main reason dogs with renal amyloidosis and GN die?
Thromboembolic events
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Does oliguria and anuria have to be present to have AIRF?
NO
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What is the first detectable sign of AIRF?
Sub-maximal urine concentration
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What are typical findings in the urine sediment of severe AIRF in the early stages?
Renal tubular epithelial casts
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Does dialysis make difference in treating AIRF?
Yes, especially if started early
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If a dog has azotemia due to AIRF caused by ethylene glycol, what is most likely to happen?
Death or euthanized
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If a dog has azotemia due to AIRF caused by Leptospirosis, what is most likely to happen?
Survive
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Treatment of what drug will cause a more rapid recovery in AIRF caused by Lepto?
Amlodipine
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