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where does the word "plankton" derived from?
the greek word meaning "wanderer"
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what does plankton refer to?
marine organisms who are weak swimmers or don't swim at all.
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which planktons come in smaller size? larger?
- tiny and microscopic: diatoms
- large: jellies
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what are the two main types of planktons?
phytoplanktons and zooplanktons
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what are phytoplanktons?
 - a.k.a plant plankton.
they make their own food through photosynthesis.
(primarily single celled algae)
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what are zooplanktons?
a.k.a animal planktons.
- they're heterorophs (depends on other organisms for their food)
- and must consume or eat to obtain energy
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which type of plankton accounts for hald of the world's primary production?
phytoplanktons.
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which plankton created half the oxygen in out atmosphere through photosynthesis?
phytoplanktons
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type of cellular structure of phytoplanktons?
unicellular
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what type of plankton is a diatom?
- they're phytoplanktons.
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give 4 descriptions of diatoms.
- yellowing and brown in color.
- have either radial or bilateral symmetry.
- can exist as single cells or in chains.
- have glassy shells made of silica.
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what are the glassy shells called?
frustules
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how do diatoms get their color?
carotenoid pigments and cholorophyll.
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how do diatoms reproduce?
asecxually.
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when diatoms die, what happens?
glassy frustules settle in the ocean floor and create diatomaceous ooze.
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what are diatomaceous earth used for?
filters, insulation and insecticide,
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what type of plankton is a dinoflagellate?
- phytoplankton
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give 4 descriptions of dinoflagellates
- can be red or green in color.
- are heterorophic and authotrophic (creates its own food through photosynthesis)
- can have plates of cellulose surrounding it
- usually has 2 flagella for mobility
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how is the "red tide" created?
dinoflagellates reproducing so rapidly and it creates a "bloom"
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which type of plankton has the ability to bioluminesce?
dinoflagellates
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what type of plankton is a coccolithophore and give 2 descriptions
- phytoplanktons.
- usually round in shape, have calcareous plates and are called coccoliths.
- they can have 2 flagella for movement.
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what's the primary role of diatoms, dinoflagellates and coccolithophores?
primary producers to help provide food for many marine organisms.
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what do zooplanktons eat?
phytoplanktons.
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what can zooplanktons be considered as?
herbivores, carnivores or omnivores
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what is a zooplankton mostly?
- larval forms of marine animals.
- they can be crustaceans, copepods and euphausiids (Krill)
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what are "meroplanktons?
these grow up to be molluscs, sea stars, worms, crabs, barnacles
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list 2 descriptions of copepods?
- small crustaceans.
- can be herbivores or carnivores.
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what's the most abundant group of zooplankton?
copepods
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what's another word for krill and what is it?
euphausiids.
shrimp like crustaceans and can be carnivores or scavengers.
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what is commonly found in cold nutrient rick antartic and artic waters?
euphausiids/ krill
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how does a plankton stay afloat?
appendages (using legs and antennae) to swim.
undulation of the body: horizontally or vertically.
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how does frictional drag help planktons?
since friction increases with surface area, friction can be increased by decreasing volume, flattening the body or increasing body lenght.
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how do dinoflagellates and many crustaceans increase their durface area?
by acquiring spines and other appendages.
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how is buoynacy increased?
storage of oils, increasing water content of the body and exchange of ions.
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why are diatoms considered to be "unusual plants"?
they produce their own foods and are very oily.
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name some organisms that feed of diatoms.
whales, sharks, sponges, clams and corals.
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how do asterionellas keep themselves afloat?
clustering into star-shaped groups.
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