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the neurotoxin from tetanus destroys "_____" "______" to cause continuous muscle contractions?
Inhibitory
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A viral diseast that destoys the moter areas of the spinal cord?
Polomyelitis
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The organism that causes tetanus belongs to which group of organisms?
Bacteria
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What is the mechanism of action for saxitoxin?
blocks or inhibits acetylcholine receptors
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What process resets the chemical gradient and helps maintain the electrical gradient?
Sodium potassium ATPase Pump
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Which band of the sarcomere consists of myosin only?
H Band
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Myofibrils are bundles of?
Microfiliments
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For muscles of very fine control, do their moter neurons supply "few" or "many" muscle fibers?
few
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Two groups of muscles that work agianst each other?
Antagonist
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The condition in which the outside of a cell is positive, the inside negative AND having more soduim outside and more potassium inside is known as?
Electro-chemical gradient
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Tetanus is also known as?
Lock Jaw
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Which of the muscles types is typified as being voluntary?
skeletal
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the myosin heads demonstrate an enzymatic activity that splits "______" thereby releasing energy.
ATP
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Give a muscle type that is typifie as having intercalated discs?
Cardiac
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Poliomyelitis is caused by a "________" ?
virus
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Which type of muscle is found in the walls of the arteries?
smooth
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For smooth muscle, the energy released when a phosphate is remove from ATP on the myosin head does what?
allows the myosin to bind to the actin
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the ablility to receive and respond to stimuli?
excitablility or responsiveness
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the end of a muscle that moves the least?
orgin
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a bundle of muscle fibers is known as?
Fascicles
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a bundle of muscle fibers is known as?
fascicles
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Once the synaptic vesicles migrate to the neurolemma the release "________"?
acetylcholine
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used as "nerve" gas, this inhibits the actions of acetylcholinestrase?
Sarin
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Which of the following is a diagnostic feature (what is unique in appearance, ie not other muscle type demonstates) for skeletal muscle?
Multinucleated
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The ablitly of a cell to shorten its length is known as?
Contractility
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In what part of the nervous system does the strychnine have its major effect?
Spinal Cord
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Do skeletal muscles depend mainly on intracellular or extracellular calcium?
Intracellular
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Once the action potential reaches the terminal, the next step in excitation-contraction is the "____" of calcium?
influx
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a type of paralysis produced by any acetylcholine receptor blocker?
flacdid
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The neurotoxin from botulism prevents the release of?
acetylcholine
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a protein that connects tropomyosin to actin is called?
troponin
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the structures which contain the neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction are known as?
synaptic vesicles
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is the calcium source at the terminal of the moter neuron "intracellular" or "extracellular"?
Extracellular
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a muscle type that uses extracellular calcium?
Cardiac and smooth
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a bundle of fascicles is refurred to as?
muscle
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a type of neuron that innervates skeletal muscle fibers is known as?
Motor Neuron
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Where is the concentration of sodium greatest, inside the cell or outside?
outside
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The channeles on the terminal cisternae are concidered to be "___" channels.
voltage-gated calcium
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which class of muscles demonstrate the slowest speed of contraction?
smooth
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a muscle type that uses intracellular calcium?
skeletal
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a term that means mulitinucleated?
syncytium or syncytial
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long polymers of several G actin molecules bound together in a long chain are known as?
F actin
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which neurotransmitter is deficient in a certain areas of the brain for parkinsons disease?
dopamine
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ATP is split into ADP + Pi + Energy in order to "______" the myosin cross bridges.
Reset
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The genus and species of the organism that causes tetanus?
Clostridium Tetani
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Which type of muscle fiber has abundant myoglobin?
Slow Oxidative
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Tiny Structures within cardiac muscle that contain holes through which an impu1se can pass with limited resistance?
Intercalated discs
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For smooth muscles, what structures directly connect to the dense bodies?
intermediate fibers
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the muscle cell is known as?
muscle fiber
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the charge or voltage difference at the motor end plate is known as?
end plate potential
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name the phase of a muscle twich for which the stimulation (AP) first arrives and tentions just begins, but no contraction is seen?
Latent
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What must happen to the relationship between tropmyosin and the active site on actin to allow muscular relaxation?
topomyosin must cover or inactivate the active site
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A protein that binds to calcium as is attached to myosin in smooth muscle?
calmodulin
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Name the neurotransmitter of the neuromuscular junction?
acetylcholine
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Is the soleus is an example of a slow oxidative or fast glycolytic?
Slow Oxidative
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Specialized ducts or channels that connect the surface of muscle cell to its deepest areas are called?
Transverse Tubules
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Muscle stem cells which are mononucleated and fuse to become multinucleated?
Myoblasts
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Fatigue may be caused by a depletion of "____", ATP, and/or acetylcholine?
Glycogen
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Which protein of a muscle cells connects the cell membrane of the muscle cell to certain components of the extracellular matrix?
Dystrophin
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The release of ADP and P from the myosin head causes the "____' "______".
Power Stroke
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the connective tissue covering of an entire muscle is known as?
Epimysium
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Slow oxidative muscles are known as "white" or "red" muscles?
Red
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Which type of muscle fiber has a relatively long "twitch cycle"?
Slow Oxidative
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Proteins that pull the sarcolemma to shorten the cell during contraction of smooth muscles are known as?
Dense Bodies
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A protein within the sarcoplasmic reticulum that binds up Calcium to prevent the calcium from becoming toxic?
Calsequestrin
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The distal, swollen ends of the sarcoplasmis reticulum are known as?
Terminal Cisternae
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Specialized areas on the actin molecules that bind with myosin heads?
Active sites
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The acetylcholine receptors are classified as what type of channel?
Ligand-gated sodium
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Fatige may be caused by an increase in "_______"?
Lactic Acid
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After 30 mins of exercise, what is the predominant sourse of energy for the muscles?
Aerobic
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The erector spinae is an example of a slow oxidative or fast glycolytic?
Slow Oxidative
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What must happen in the moter neuron to allow muscular relaxation?
Action potential or nerve impulse must stop
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a muscle type that is typified as being striated?
cardiac and skeletal
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In order for a muscle cell to relax, the "______" potential stop in the neuron?
action
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Name the third phase of a muscle twitch:
Period of relaxation
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Continuous partial contraction of a muscle due to spinal stimulation is known as?
Muscle tone
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A toxic by-product of anaerobicfermentation/respiration that produces pain?
lactic acid
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Do muscles of very fine control have small or large motor units?
small
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what compound is needed for the re-uptake of acetylcholine?
ATP
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A type of repiration that does NOT require oxygen to take place?
anaerobic
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a process by which muscles contract just after death, however, for a period of time are unable to relax?
Rigor Mortis
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