chapter 32

the act of listening to body sounds

abnormal sound or murmur heard on auscultation of an organ , vessel or gland

an abnormal enlargement of the distal phalanges associated with cyanotic heart disease

a procedure in which a fiberoptic scope is used to examine the large intestine

a graphic record of electrical conduction through the heart

the pathologic accumulation of air in the alveoli, oxygen deprivation , in the lungs

the manner or style of walking

the formation and development of blood cells in the red bone marrow

area between cells

area within the cell membrane

movement or exercising of a body part by means of an externally applied force

chewing

abnormal sound heard during auscultation of the heart associated with valve disease

small lumps , lesions , or swelling that are felt when the skin is palpated

the use of touching during the physical examination

rhythmic contraction of involuntary muscle lining the gastrointestinal tract

the white part of the eye that forms the orbit

inspection of a cavity or organ by passing light through its walls

physical injury or a wound caused by external force or violence

contraction of the muscles lining blood vessels , which narrows the lumen

study of the body shaped and structured

study of body function

plasma membrane: surrounds the cells

cytoplasm: contains the living material that carries on the cells function

nucleus: contains the genetic code of the cell determines the cell's function

epithelial: lining body cavities

connective: supports and binds other body tissues

muscle: produces movement

nervous: conduct nerve impulese

composed of two or more types of tissue bound together

body systems compsed of several organs and their associated structures

transport materials and collects wastes throughout the body , white blood cells fight infections

carry oxygen

help form clots

carries dissolved nutrients and other materials

veins return deoxygenated blood to the heart which pumps it into the lungs , oxygenated blood is pumped into the aorta and branching arteries to cells trhoughout the body

produces hormones that circulate in the blood

protection , temperature regulation

mastication , swallowing , digestion , absorption of nutrients

maintains fluid blance

movement , posture , heat production , support , protection , mineral storage

controls body structures to maintain homeostatis , reflex center

produces hormones , reproduction

inhalation of oxygen and exhalation of carbon dioxide , acid-base requaltion

helps sense changes in the exteral and internal enivronments through vision , hearing , balance , taste , smell

filters waste material from the blood , excretes waste in the urine

used to inspect the inner structures of the eye

use to hold down the tongue in a throat exam

used to examine the external auditory canal and tympanic membrane

inspect the lining of the nose , nasal membrane

two prong

produce a humming sound checks the patient auditory acuity

flexible ribbon ruler in inches and feet used to measure the length and head circumference in infants

listening device

auscultated the heart and lungs

sometimes called percussion hammer

used to strike the tendons of the knee and elbow to test the neurologic reflexs

• inspection
• palpation
• percussion
• auscultation
• mensuration
• manipulation

head 90 degrees

for patients with orthopnea who have difficulty breathing while lying down

the head of the table is positioned at a 45 degree angle

postoperative exam

patients with breathing disorders , elevated temperature or suffering form head truma or pain

face upward and the lower legs supported by the exam table

lying face upward with the weight distributed primarily to the surface of the back

flexing the knees flat on the table

for inspection of rectal , vaginal , and perineal areas , back discomfort

vaginal examination , pap smears

lateral position

rectum exam

face down

back and certain surgical procedures