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penicillin is more active against gram+ or gram- ? why
gram+. cell wall is more easily penetrated
-
molecular target of penicillin?
- PBPs (penicillin binding proteins)
- found inside bacteria - after penetrating cell walls
-
resistance to S. aureus precipitated the use of what drug?
methicillin (derivitive of pcn)
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Unasyn, Augmentin, Zosyn? class? uses?
- PCNs with beta lactamase inhibitor.
- work well against pseudomonas, enterobacter, klebsiella.
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drugs used for HA-MRSA?
- IV abx:
- - vancomycin
- - daptomycin (Cubicin)
- - ceftaroline (Teflaro)
- - televancin (Vibativ)
- - clindamycin
-
cephalosporins - pros, cons?
- beta-lactam abx.
- bactericidal.
- low toxicity
- *primary problem - resistance
-
contraindication to cephalosporin?
severe allergy to PCN
-
nursing implications/patient education re: cephalosporins?
- pt should avoid alcohol
- IV site should be monitored, rotating.
- can increase effects of anticoags - monitor PT, PTT, INR
-
what type of solution should be avoided when using cephalosporins
lactate ringers, any fluid calcium-derived
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carbapenem - therapeutic uses? nursing implications?
- used for most infections other than MRSA
- must be given IV. not absorbed in GI tract
- avoid valproic acid (can increase risk of sz)
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