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What are the two componets to visual inspection?
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What the first three steps in posture analysis?
- Have patient gowned and shoes removed
- instruct patient to walk in place eyes closed
- Have patient stand with eyes closed
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What are you examining from posterior to anterior?
- Scoliosis
- head tilt and rotation
- shoulder heights
- hand position
- illiac crest heights
- internal or external foot rotation
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What do you examine from the sagittal plane view?
- ear, shoulder, pelvis alignment
- forward head carriage
- spinal curverature
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What are the cervical landmarks?
- C2 spinous process- 1st osseous prominence below occiput
- C7 spinous process- Large protuding, C6 glides away
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How do you locate T1?
Utilize C7 location
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How do you locate T4?
most prominent sp in upper thoracic region
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How is T6/T7 located?
- C6 Found medial to inferior border of scapula when patinet prone.
- C7 found in same spot when seated
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How is L1 located?
First large blade like SP
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How is L4 found?
Medial to illiac crest
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Where is S2 found?
level of PSIS
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What is the definition for chiropractic?
The science, art, and philosophy that deals primarily with the relationship between the spine and nervous system in the restoration and maintence of health
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What is the definition of a subluxation?
Malposition of a vertebra with the one below that has an adverse effect upon the exiting spinal nerves
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What is the subluxation formula?
Fixation + Neural component = subluxation
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What is the goal of the chiropractor?
To reduce/correct subluxation in order to promote optimal nerve function
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What are the four palmer techniques?
- Toggle recoil, upper cervical specific
- Palmer gonstead
- Palmer Thompson
- Palmer Diversified
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Who developed toggle recoil?
B.J. Palmer
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What is utilized in the Thompson method?
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What is the purpose of the palmer techniques?
- Dr. Patient saftey
- Patient injury minimized
- help a variety of patients
- provide strong foundation for other techniques
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What is the lowest cervical vertebra that demonstrates significant anterior glide during extension?
C6
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Who pioneered full spine radiographs?
Gonstead
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What are the essential elements for Clinical care?
- Empathy
- Listening
- techniques for examining diff parts of body
- Clinical reasoning
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In what part of history taking is it important to quote the patient?
Chief Complaint
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What does OPPQRST stand for?
- O = onset
- P = palliative (what makes better)
- P = provocation (makes worse)
- Q = Quality (pain scale)
- R = Radiating
- S = Site
- T = Timing
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What range of motion is considered greater?
passive
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The chiropractic adjustment is when a thrust moves beyond
the elastic barrier and into which area?
paraphysiologic space
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Active range of motion is determined from the neutral
position to where?
physiological barrier
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Passive range of motion is determined from the neutral
position to what point?
Elastic barrier
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What is the area called at the upper limits of passive range
of motion?
end-play zone
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What is the contact point for lumbar extension?
inferior aspect of the spinous process
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What is the contact point of lumbar rotation and lateral bending?
lateral aspect of spinous process
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what is the contact point for thoracic flexion?
tip of spinous process
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Which direction is the dual probe moved along the spine in the cervical vertebrae?
inferior to superior
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Which direction is the dual probe moved along the spine in the thoracic and lumbar region?
superior to inferior
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What is a break analysis?
rapid deflection over the distance of one segmental field
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What setting should be used for a full spine scan?
medium sensitivity
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How what is the placement of the nervoscope's probes in the cervical region?
Slightly inward
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What is the inclinometer placement for cervical, thoracic, and lumbar extension and flexion?
- Cervical = Superior aspect of Occiput and T-1
- Thoracic = T1 and T12
- Lumbar = T12 and S1
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What is the inclinometer placemtn for cervical, thooracic, and lumbar rotation?
- Cervical = forehead (patient supine)
- Thoracic = T1 and T12 (patinet standing bent at waist)
- Lumbar = not performed
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What is the placement of inclinometer for lateral bending?
Same as extension flexion
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What is the few degrees of motion in a joint without engaging soft tissue?
Joint Play
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What is the area that contains active and passive ROM?
Neutral zone
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What zone starts after Active ROM in the upper limits of passive ROM, it has a spongy feel?
End-Play Zone
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What is the area beyond the elastic barrier that may created an audible cavitation during an adjustment?
Paraphysiologic space
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What is the name of the limit which if broken may cause sprain, strain, luxation?
Anatomical limit
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How many times must the inclinometer be used and what is the maximum allowable differential between each measurement?
3 times with only a 5 to 10 percent differential
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What is indicated if the short leg becomes even or longer upon knee flexion.
- Positive derifield
- Ilium involvment (usually PI)
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what is indicated by a short leg that stays short upon knee flexion?
- Negative derifield
- Sacrum involvment (usually AI)
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what is indicated if a short leg becomes even with right head rotation?
- Right cervical syndorme
- Myospasm left c-spine
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When examining the right sacroiliacjoint using the Knee Raiser test, you notice that the PSIS does not rotateanterior-superior upon flexion of the contralateral leg. What is the most likely listing?
PI Ilium
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When performing Leg Fanning, what
is the relative motion of the PSIS during adduction of the thighs?
Lateral
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Derifield Leg Check analysis reveals apositive Derifield on the right. A positive sacroiliac fluid motion test is noted on the left. The PSIS does not move posterior inferior on the affected side.
What is the most likely listing?
Left AS Ilium
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Occiput motion palpation reveals a decrease in posterior to anterior glide, decreased right extension with lateral bending and fixation on the right when head is turned to the left. What is your listing?
PS-RS-RP
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X-ray analysis demonstrates an AS atlas.Your motion palpation findings reveal a decreased left lateral bending and right
rotation. What is your listing?
ASLP
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