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Concussion
- casued by a blow to the head
- Brain injury that may result in a headache altered levels of lertness, loss of consciousness, or memory loss of events surrounding injury
- most people who sytain a concussion never lose consciousness or even realize thaey had concusssion
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Concussions can affect
- memory
- judgement
- reflexes
- speech
- balance and coordination
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Contusion
a form of traumatic brain injury that may lead to leakage of small blood vessels in the brain(blood clots may form and the brain swells interupting motor functions of the brain)
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Treatments for a contusion
surgery to reduce intracranial pressure and remove blood clot
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Skull fracture
- Break in a bone surrounding the brain
- may occur with or without brain damage
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Complications of Skull fractures
- Brain stem (vital cener) disruption may occur iwth fracture at base of the skull
- increased cerbrospinal fulid
- bleeding
- incrfeased intracranial pressure
- bacerial infection
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Brain hemorrhage (AKA hematoma)
- Considered a type of stroke
- caused by artery in the brain bursting and produsing localized bleeding in the surrounding tissues
- accoutns for about 13% of strokes
- often casue by a skull fracture
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What happens during a brain hemorrhage
- blood from trauma irritaes brain tissues cand cause swelling aka cerebral edema
- pooled blood collects into a mass called a hematoma
- these conditions increase pressure on nearby brain tissue, and reduce vital blookd flow and kills brain cells
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two types of brain hemorrhages
- extradural or epidural hemorrhage -bleeding into the space between the dura mater and the skull
- subdural hemorrhage - collection of blood on the surface of the brain
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Brain tumors-benign tumors
- may grow and compress vital nerve centers
- encapsulated
- removed surgically
- example - astrocytoma, behign slow-growing tumor
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Malignant tumors
- May have exensive projections and invade other tissues making complete removal difficult or impossible
- usuallyl metastasize form other organs such as lung and breast
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primary malignant tupors of the brain
- gliomas-tumors of glial (cell that supports the verve tissue) cells
- i.e. giobastomas are highly maligant, rapidly-growing tumors
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Symptoms Malignant tumors
- headaches due to increased intracranial pressure
- behavioral or personality changes
- memory loss
- visual disturbancess
- imparied speech
- muscle weakness
- impaired corrdination
- seizures
- coma
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Diagnositic procedures of Malignant tumors
brain imaging
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Treatment Malignant tumors
- osmotic diuretics
- glucocorticosteroids
- surgery
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Cranial nerve disease
- trigeminal neuraligia, aka tic doulorex
- inflamation of the fith cranial or trigeminal verve
- casuses severe intermittent pain
- idiopathic
- know triggers include stress MS, tumor compressing the nerve
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Treatment for cranial nerve disease
- pain med
- anitconvulsant med
- centrally-actiing muscle relaxants
- alcohol or phenol injection into nerve as it exits skull for cases
- rhizotomy
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Ball's palsy
- inflamation of the seventh cranial or facial nerve that innervates facial muscle and salavary gladns
- causes saddign of facial muscle on one side of the face and watery eye
- causes frooling and slurred speech
- idopathic
- known triggers include viruses, autoimmune disorders or vascular ischemia
- recovery takes weeks
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