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Awareness and thinking, as well as specific mental acts such as perceiving, attending to, interpreting, remembering, believing, judging, deciding, and anticipating.
Cognition
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Transformation of sensory input into mental representation and the manipulation of such representations.
Information Processing
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-Thoughts about something that are personally relevant, connecting ideas or events to one's own life.
-Ex: seeing a picture of the president and remembering when he was at Kent State.
Personalizing Cognition
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-Thoughts about objective facts related to a particular event.
-Seeing a picture of Romney and thinking he was the govenor of Massachusetts
Objectifying Cognition
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-Process of imposing order on the information our sense organs take in.
-Optical illusions
Perception
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-Process of making sense of, or explaining, events in the world.
-Ex: lawyers and a court case
Interpretation
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Standards and goals people develop for evaluating themselves and others.
Beliefs and Desires
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-Defined differently
-Different standards for each
Intelligence
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Who came up with field dependence and field independence?
Herman Witkin (1954)
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People who are dependent on the visual field for their information.
Field Dependent
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People who are less dependent on their visual field and consider other information.
Field Independent
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People attempt to understand, predict, and control events.
Human as Scientists
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-Constructs- Idea that summarizes observations and conveys meaning.
- Constructs a person uses to interpret and predict events.
Personal Constructs
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"A persons processes are psychologically channelized by the ways in which he anticipates events"
Fundamental Postulate
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If two people have similar construct systems, they will be psychologically similar.
Commonality Corollary
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To understand a person, we must understand how she/he construes the social world.
Sociality Corollary
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Intellectual position grounded in the notion that reality is constructed, that every person and certainly every culture has a version of reality that is unique , and that no single version of reality is any more privileged than other
Postmodernism
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Who studied social learning theory?
Julian Rotter
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Persons interpretation of responsibility for the events in his or her life.
Locus of Control
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Events are outside of ones influence
External Locus of Control
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Events are within ones influence
Internal Locus of Influence
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Particular "default" LOC for most situations
Generalized Expectancies
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LOC fluctuates in different ares of life
Specific Expectancies
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Set of relevant actions intended to achieve a goal that a person has selected. Believed to be a good unit for measuring regular goal setting and acquisition.
Personal Project
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Belief that one can execute a specific course of action to achieve a goal.
Self- Efficacy
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-Focus on educational attainment
-Knowledge you have
Achievement View
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-Focus on ability to learn
-Ability to take in information and manipulate it
-Most popular intelligence tests focus on aptitude
Aptitude View
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Who proposed theory of multiple intelligences?
Gardner
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Navigating social situation
Interpersonal Intelligence
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insight into one’s self
Intrapersonal intelligence
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athletic abilities
Kinesthetic intelligence
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