-
Latin America region highest GNI PPP/Capita
Middle America
-
latifundia
- large estates with a strong commercial orientation. Own land
- for prestige and power
-
Minifundia
- smaller holdings with a strong subsistence
- component. People lack money to purchase large and fertile properties
-
Caliente
bananas, sugar, rice. nearest sea level
-
-
-
Helada
Livestock, timber. highest elevation
-
Three major civilizations that existed in Latin
America prior to or concurrent with European exploration and colonization?
Maya, Inca, Aztec
-
Countries involved in the Treat of Tortesillas and the geographic areas of Latin America involved
Spain and Portugal, Brazil = Portugal; Spain = everywhere else
-
Reasons for the demographic collapse in Latin
America after European discovery and colonization
war, disease, famine
-
counties of Latin America that have an abundance
of oil and its exploitation, use, and/or exportation constitutes a major component to their economies
Mexico and Venezuela
-
Identify the racial/ethnic group that comprises
the largest percentage of the population for all of Latin America
Mestizo
-
large indigenous (Amerindian) populations
Central America, Amazon Basin, Andes Mountains
-
Identify the general population growth characteristics of Latin America
relatively high, but declining
-
reason for the rapid growth of
urban areas
large rural-to-urban migration
-
two dominant languages, dominant religion
Spanish and Portuguese, Roman Catholicism
-
Identify the major pockets of development in
Latin America and the major urban areas associated within each
- Northern Mexico - Monterrey; maquiladora
- Central Mexico -Mexico City;
- Brazil - Sao Paulo/Rio de Janeiro;
- Argentina/Uruguay - Buenos Aires/Montevideo
-
examples of tertiary sector activity that are
becoming increasingly important to some places in the Caribbean
off-shore banking and tourism
-
Identify the general development characteristics
of Lain America and the Caribbean
- economic and social measures are generally lower
- particularly social measures vs developed worlds; economic and social measures are generally better (especially economic measures) vs. Underdeveloped World; economic and social measures can vary widely within a given country - example: economic/social measures of development are generally better in and around Rio de Janeiro/Sao Paulo than in the rest of Brazil
-
country or territory of the Middle East and
North Africa region that has the highest Rate of Natural Increase
palestinian
-
Identify the predominant type of climate found
in the region
desert
-
of the major deserts and their general location
Sahara - North Africa; Arabian - Middle East
-
reasons for why water is becoming a critical
resource in the Middle East and North Africa region that may result in conflict in the future
- 1) rapid population growth;
- 2) waterusage/agricultural land mismanagement;
- 3) environmental degradation
- (desertification, salinization, erosion, etc.)
-
the area where the domestication of plants (and
possibly some animals) are believed to have first occurred
Mesopotamia
-
Identify the European countries that colonized
most of the region and the areas it colonized
- 1) France - North Africa; Middle East - Syria, Lebanon;
- 2) United Kingdom (British) - Egypt and Sudan in North Africa; rest of Middle East
-
the general population growth characteristics of
the Middle East and North Africa
- rapid population growth, relatively high
- fertility rates, large percentage of population < 15 years, short doubling times
-
identify the major environmental reason for the
high urbanization rates found throughout the region
arid (desert) climate
-
three major religions that
originated in the Middle East and North Africa region
Judaism, Christianity, Islam orginated in the Arabian Peninsula around Mecca; Mohammed was the founder
-
the Five Pillars of Islam
- 1) Alms giving (charity);
- 2) Profession of faith;
- 3) Prayer (five times daily - always facing Mecca);
- 4) Fasting during the month of Ramadan;
- 5) Pilgrimage to Mecca
-
two physical and three cultural/human
characteristics that help define Middle East and North Africa as a distinct region
- desert climate, crossroads location; dominant
- ethnicity - Arabs, dominant language - Arabic, dominant religion - Islam
-
Identify and understand the basic historical
issues underlying the current tensions/conflict between Israel and Arab
- Zionist movement emerges in late 1800s
- begins process of soliciting help from gov. (the British) in
- their efforts to establish a Jewish homeland in Palestine (now Israel); Balfour Declaration by British government in 1917 helps legitimize Zionist movement
- efforts in establishing Jewish homeland; after Balfour Declaration and World
- War I, and with Palestine now under British control, Jews begin process of
- migration and settlement in Palestine; After World War II, British cede control
- of Palestine, and fighting breaks out between Palestinian Arabs and Jews;
- United Nations intervenes and offers partition plan. Jews accept and form
- nation-state of Israel; Palestinian Arabs refuse; war ensues and the
- Middle-East has been a source of tension/conflict between Israel and
- neighboring Arab countries (as well as from Palestinian Arabs) since
-
the territories taken by Israel from surrounding countries in the Six-Day war of 1967
- Gaza Strip, West Bank, Sinai Peninsula, Golan
- Heights
-
the territories that are now (largely) under the
control of the Palestinian Authority. the territory returned as part of a peace agreement. and the territory still under complete Israeli control
Gaza Strip, parts of West Bank. Sinai Peninsula - given back to Egypt. Golan Heights - used to be controlled by Syria
-
the major pockets of development in the Middle
East and North Africa and the major urban areas associated within each
- Northwest Africa (Maghreb) - Rabat/Algiers/Tunis;
- Nile River Valley (Egypt) - Cairo;
- Eastern Mediterranean (Levant) - Beirut/Tel Aviv;
- Turkey - Istanbul/Ankara;
- Persian Gulf (Oil States) - Riyadh/Abu Dhabi/Baghdad/Tehran
-
two countries that have achieved significant
economic growth and development due to secondary sector (manufacturing) activity
Turkey and Israel
-
Identify the general development characteristics
of the Middle East and North Africa
- economic and social measures are generally lower
- vs. Developed World, ex. social measures. the Oil States economic measures are better vs. Underdeveloped World.
- only a few countries have social measures that are generally better vs. Underdeveloped World (examples - Israel and
- Turkey). Additionally, economic and social measures can not only vary widely within a country (example: Algeria) but also between countries as well -
- example: economic/social measures of development are generally better in Israel
- and Turkey than those found in Yemen and Sudan
-
the predominant landform type covering most of
the Sub-Saharan Africa region
plateaus
-
Rift Valley is located and how it was formed
eastern africa. plate tectonics
-
the major landforms/physical features created by
rift valley
- Lake Tanganyika, Lake Nyasa, Lake Victoria,
- Eastern Highlands, Red Sea, Jordan River Valley
-
the four vegetation belts that cover Sub-Saharan
Africa and their general location
- 1) Tropical rain forests - surround the equator;
- 2) Tropical savannas - north and south of tropical rain forests;
- 3) Temperategrasslands (steppes) - north and south of tropical savannas;
- 4) desert -Kalahari desert in Southwest Africa
-
general features of the Sahel region (Northern
temperate grasslands); focus attention on the causes of desertification found in the Sahel region
- disruptions in normal weather patterns; poor
- water/land management in cultivation of crops; overgrazing of grasslands as a result of governments restricting movement of pastoral nomads
-
Identify some of the pest-carrying
diseases/health problems that are endemic (widespread) throughout the region as well as the pest associated with each
- Malaria, Yellow Fever - mosquito; Sleeping
- Sickness - tsetse fly; Schistosomiasis - parasite from snails; River Blindness- worms; Diarrhea - bacteria
-
HIV/AIDS is widespread and identify the general
areas of Sub-Saharan Africa where its impact has been greatest
Southern and Eastern Africa
-
two countries in Sub-Saharan Africa that were
never colonized by Europeans
Liberia and Ethiopia
-
the general population growth characteristics of
Sub-Saharan Africa
- rapid population growth, relatively high
- fertility rates, large percentage of population < 15 years, short doubling times
-
identify the basic push and pull factors affecting rural-to-urban and out-migration patterns in Sub-Saharan Africa
- poor economic conditions in rural areas, civil
- war/strife] and pull factors [better economic conditions in urban areas or in other countries; haven from war and/or
- political repression
-
the reasons for why population growth rates in
many Sub-Saharan Africa countries are high. Focus principally on the cultural/economic factors for why people still want to have large families
- culturally - group able to sustain cultural
- identity and/or political dominance; economically - larger families able to work/produce more than smaller families in subsistence agricultural societies
-
the general areas where Islam, Christianity, and
animism predominate
- Islam - Western and Eastern Africa, principally
- along the coasts; Christianity and animism - everywhere else
-
the reasons for why the "feminization of
poverty" (many women live in poverty) exists throughout Sub-Saharan Africa
- male dominated societies that restrict women's
- ability to participate in economic/political arenas; lack of educational opportunities; marrying young and having large families; lack of government programs aimed at addressing women's issues, particularly health].
-
the
general development characteristics of Sub-Saharan Africa
- Both economic and social measures are generally
- the lowest found in the entire world. Only a handful of countries have
- economic and social measure of development that may compare favorably with some
- other countries in the Underdeveloped World (Examples - Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya);
- and only one country has social and economic measures that are similar to those
- found in the Developed World - South Africa. As a whole, Sub-Saharan
- Africa is the least developed region in the world
-
Know the features associated with the climate of
Monsoon Asia. Focus attention on the seasonal variation - what creates heavy rains during the summer months and a dry period during the winter months
- Change in atmospheric pressure systems and
- direction of the winds. Summer months, high pressure areas over Indian
- Ocean; lower pressure areas over lands; winds blow from ocean towards land
- bringing heavy rains. During Winter months, high pressure areas over land;
- lower pressure areas over Indian Ocean; winds blow from land towards ocean
- creating dry season
-
Identify the names of the major rivers that form
the primary alluvial plains in each sub-region of Monsoon Asia
- South Asia - Indus and Ganges Rivers; Southeast
- Asia - Mekong and Irrawaddy Rivers; East Asia - Yellow and Yangtze Rivers
-
the country that has the largest population in
the world, the second largest population in the world. three others that have large, dense populations
china, india. Bangladesh, Pakistan, Indonesia
-
Identify the general areas where population
densities are greatest
- Indo-Gangetic plain of Pakistan and Northern
- India; Alluvial delta of the Ganges-Brahmaputra Rivers in Bangladesh; Eastern China along the Yangtze and
- Yellow River alluvial plains and along the coast; Irrawaddy, Mekong, Chao Phraya, and Red River alluvial plains in mainland Southeast Asia; Java in island portion of Southeast Asia
-
two countries that were formed out of British
India
India and Pakistan
-
the reason for why British India was partitioned
prior to India's independence
- largely done to prevent interval power disputes
- between Hindus and Muslims; political boundaries were drawn primarily along
- religious lines
-
the general population growth characteristics of
South Asia
- rapid population growth, relatively high
- fertility rates, large percentage of population < 15 years, short doubling
- times
-
identify
some of the primary migration patterns found in Monsoon Asia
- out-migration from South Asia to Persian Gulf,
- Europe, and North America; migration from China to countries of Southeast Asia;
- internal migration within Indonesia from densely population Java to less populated island
-
some of the reasons for why India has had
trouble in limiting population growth
- lack of funds for clinics/family planning
- centers; children seen as an asset in a still largely agrarian-based society (in
- the form of both economic sustenance and social safety net); difficulty in
- communicating benefits of smaller families due to diversity of languages spoken
- throughout India
-
the areas of South Asia where Islam, Hinduism,
Buddhism, predominate
- Islam = Pakistan, Bangladesh;
- India = Hinduism;
- Buddhism = Sri Lanka
-
the basic characteristics of the caste system in
India
the belief in reincarnation
-
Identify the major pockets of development in
South Asia and the major urban areas associated with each
- 1) Northern India - Delhi;
- 2) Northwest India -Mumbai (Bombay);
- 3) Indus River - Karachi/Islamabad;
- 4) South India -Bangalore;
- 5) Eastern India - Kolkata (Calcutta)
-
the name of the state in India where many social
measures of development are compare favorably with those found in the Developed World, as well as those social measures of development
- kerala, Life expectancy, Literacy rates, Infant
- Mortality Rates, and Total Fertility Rates
-
the general development characteristics of South
Asia
- Both economic and social measures are some of
- the lowest found in the entire world, many of them comparable to those found in
- Sub-Saharan Africa. Only one country - Sri Lanka - has economic and social measure of development better than Underdeveloped World. countries of South
- Asia, both economic and social measures of development are generally higher in
- the pockets of development than in the rest of the region. As a whole,
- only Sub-Saharan Africa has lower social and economic measures of development
- than South Asia
-
the territory that was ceded to the British by
China as a result of the "Opium Wars"
hong kong
-
Know what happened between the Nationalists and
Communists after World War II. Understand that this conflict led to there being
two China's
- Nationalists fled mainland China and establish
- government - Republic of China - in Taiwan; Communists established People's
- Republic of China for mainland China
-
identify the leader associated with the
Communists and the People's Republic of China and the leader that established the Republic of
China in Taiwan
Mao Zedong
Chiang Kai-shek
-
Identify the general population growth
characteristics of East Asia
beginning to stabilize
-
identify the major internal migration patterns
in China
- massive rural-to-urban migration as a result of
- rapid industrialization; migration of ethnic Han Chinese to areas where sizeable non-Han Chinese reside - Tibet and Northwest China
-
Identify two major languages spoken in China
Mandarin and Cantonese
-
the major pockets of development in East Asia
and the major urban areas associated with each
- 1) North China - Beijing; 2) Central China -
- Shanghai; 3) Southern China - Hong Kong; 4) Taiwan - Taipei; South Korea -
- Seoul
-
the general development characteristics of East
Asia
- economic and social measures are generally lower
- than those found in the Developed World, particularly social
- measures; However, economic and social measures are generally better
- (especially economic measures) than those found in the other regions of the
- Underdeveloped World. Additionally, some countries economic and social
- measures are comparable to those found in the Developed World - examples:
- Taiwan and South Korea. As a whole, East Asia (along with
- some places in Latin America and Southeast Asia) has the best economic and
- social measures found in the Underdeveloped World
-
Identify the only country of Southeast Asia
never to become a European colony
thailand
-
the general population growth characteristics of
Southeast Asia
- population growth rate relatively high, but
- beginning to stabilize in some countries
-
Know what religion predominates in the mainland
and island sub-regions of Southeast Asia
Mainland = Buddhism; Islands = Islam
-
and the country where Christianity is the predominant
religion
Also, know which country is the largest Muslim country in the
world
Indonesia
Philippines
-
There are a host of countries in East and Southeast Asia that
claim a cluster of small islands in the South China Sea. Identify the
name of this cluster of islands
the countries that claim this cluster of islands
and the reason for the claims on this cluster of islands by
said countries
Spratly Islands
China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei, and the Philippines
oil and
gas deposits
-
Identify the environmental problems associated
with deforestation in Southeast Asia
- 1) loss of species habitats; 2) soil erosion; 3)
- flooding; 4) mudslides; 5) air pollution from forest fires].
-
Identify the major pockets of development in
Southeast Asia and the major urban areas associated with each
- 1) Singapore - Singapore; 2) Malaysia - Kuala
- Lumpur; 3) Central Thailand - Bangkok; Java Island (Indonesia) - Jakarta
-
Identify the general development characteristics
of Southeast Asia
- economic and social measures are generally lower
- than those found in the Developed World, particularly social measures;
- However, economic and social measures are generally better (especially economic
- measures) than those found in the other regions of the Underdeveloped
- World; Some countries (such as Singapore and Malaysia) have economic and
- social measures that compare favorably with the Developed World.
- Additionally, economic and social measures can vary widely from country to
- country (example: Thailand versus Laos) as well as within a given country -
- example: economic/social measures of development are generally better in and
- around Jakarta than in the rest of Indonesia
-
El Nino
widespread drought attributed to the warming of the pacific ocean waters
-
Chokepoint
A strategic narrow passageway on land or sea that may be closed off by force or threat of force
-
Apartheid
The republic of South Africas former official policy of "seperate development of the races," designed to ensure the racial integrity and political supremecy of the white minority
-
archipelago
A chain or group of islands
-
Caste
The hierarchy in the hindu religion thay determines a person's social rank. established by birth. can't be changed
-
desertification
expansion of a desert brought about changing environmental conditions or unwise human use.
-
digital divide
divide between countries that are techology innovators and users and the majoprity of nations that have kuittke ability to create, purchase, or use new technologies
-
donor fatigue
public or offical weariness of extending aid to needy people
-
Fertile Crescent
arc shaped. stretches thorugh southern irag through northern, southern turkey, syria, lebanon, isreal, and western jordan. plants and animals were domesticated 10,000 yrs ago
-
Green Revolution
high yeilding seeds, mechanization, irrigation, massive applications of chemical fertilizers to areas where traditional agriculture has been practiced.
-
hinterland
lies way from the capital and largest cities. often rural or even unsettled. area with development potential.
-
monsoon
air blowing seadily for several weeks or months. seasona reversal of wind directions. strong summer maximuim of rainfall. long dry season lasting most or all of winter
-
maquiladora
operations dedicated to manufactured goods. in mexico and central america. components produced in US. NAFTA 1994 massive expansion
-
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)
1960, resist isreal and recognize in 1990s as the sol legitimate org. rep. official palesinian interests internationally
-
shifting cultivation
cycle of land use b/w crops and fallow yrs that is neede to work around the infertility of trpical soils.
-
sedentarization
voluntray settling down, by pastrol nomads in middle east
-
salinization
deposition of salts in soils that are overwatered
-
Special Economic Zone (SEZ)
in china, attract investment and boost production through tax breaks and other incentives.
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