A&P Chapter 8

A joint classification of function. Freely moveable joints like the shoulder, knew, hip, elbow, interphalangeal, tarsal and carpal joints

A joint classification of function. Slightly moveable joints like intervertebral discs, costosternal joints and pubic symphysis

A joint classification of function. Joints with little or no movement like skull sutures, mental symphysis, teeth in sockets and first costosternal joint

Synovial joints, fibrous joints and cartilaginous joints

Bones separated by a joint cavity, lubricated by synovial fluid and enclosed in a fibrous joint capsule with reinforcing ligaments. EX: shoulder, hip, elbow, knew, carpal, interphalangeal joints

Bones held together by collagneous fibers extending from the matrix of one bone into the matrix of the next, no joint cavity. EX: skull sutures, gomphosis (teeth) and syndesmosis

Bones held together by cartilage. No joint cavity. EX: epiphyseal plates of long bones, costosternal joints, pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs

Two layered, surrounds both articular cartilages and the space between them. External layer is dense irregular CT and is continual with the periosteum. Inner layer is synovial membrane made of loose CT and covers everywhere not covered by articular cartilage

The potential space within the joint capsule and articular cartilage

A small amount of slippery fluid occupying all free space in the joint capsule. Formed by filtration of blood flowing thru capillaries in the synovial membrane. It becomes less viscous as joint activity increases

Plane joints, hinge joints, pivot joints, condyloid joints, saddle joints and ball-and-socket joints

Articular surfaces are flat and allow short slipping or gliding movements like the intercarpal and intertarsal joints

A cylindrical projection of one bone fits into a trough-shaped surface of another. Movement resembles a door hinge like in the elbow joint, ulna and humerus and interphalangeal joints

Rounded end of one bone protrudes into a ring formed by another bone or by ligaments of that bone like in the proximal radioulnar joint and atlas-axis joint

Oval articular surface of one bone fits into a complementary depression on another like in the radiocarpal joints and metacarpophalangeal joints

Each articular surface has convex and concave areas. Each articular surface is saddle-shaped like in the carpometacarpal joints of the thumbs

Spherical or semi-spherical head of one bone articulates with the cuplike socket of another. They allow for much freedom of motion like in the shoulder and hip joints.

Largest of most complex diarthrosis and primarily a hinge joint but when flexed its capable of slight rotation and lateral gliding

Patellofemoral joint, medial and lateral tibiofermoral joints

The medial, lateral and posterior sides

Bags of lubricant, fibrous membrane bags filled with synovial fluid. Often found where bones, muscles, tendons or ligaments rub together. Found where bones, muscles, tendons or ligaments rub together.

Discs of fibrocartilage which improve the fit between bone ends, thus stabilizing the joint. Found in the knee, jaw and sternoclavicular joint

• Anterior cruciate ligament. It connects the anterior intercondyle area of the tibia to the medial side of the lateral femoral condyle and prevents forward sliding of the tibia and hyperextension of the knee
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• Posterior cruciate ligament. It connects the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia to the lateral side of the medial femoral condyle. Prevents backward displacement of the tibia or forward sliding of the femur.
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• Extends from the lateral epicondyle of the femur to the head of the fibula. Prevents excessive rotation.
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• Connects medial epicondyle of the femur to the medial condyle of the tibial shaft and is also fused to the medial meniscus. Prevents excessive rotation.
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