the phenomena caused by interactions between solar radiation and the ionosphere
auroras
the lower region of the thermosphere
ionosphere
the waves that make up all forms of radiation
electromagnetic waves
the distance from any point on a wave to the identical point on the next wave
wavelength
all of the frequencies of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation
electromagnetic spectrum
all forms of energy that travel through space as waves, including the energy that Earth receives from the Sun
radiation
subtropical jet streams
narrow bands of winds formed when warm equatorial air meets the cooler air of the middle latitudes
narrow bands of strong winds that blow in the upper troposphere
jet stream
bands of winds formed as a result of density differences between cold polar air and warmer air of the middle latitudes
polar jet streams
subtropical high pressure zones with weak and variable winds
horse latitudes
a zone of low pressure at the equator where the trade wind systems meet
doldrums
the force per unit area that is exerted on a surface by the weight of the atmosphere
atmospheric pressure
an instrument that measures atmospheric pressure by registering the changes in the bending in or bulging out to the sides of a sealed metal container
barometer
the movement of the matter due to differences in density caused by temperature variations
convection
the curving path of a moving object from an other wise straight path due to Earth's rotation
Coriolis effect
the warming of the surface and lower atmosphere of Earth that occurs when carbon dioxide and water vapor in the air absorband reradiate infrared radiation
greenhouse effect
the transfer of energy as heat through a material
conduction
the fraction of solar radiation that is reflected off the surface of an object
albedo
prevailing winds that blow from east to west from 30 degrees latitude to the equator in both hemispheres
trade winds
the phenomena that makes the sky appear blue and the sun red at sunrise and sunset
scattering
the three looping patterns of air flow that exist in each hemisphere
convection cells
a harmful effect of temperature inversions
smog
the two most abundant compounds in the atmosphere are carbon dioxide and
water vapor
A delay between Earth's absorption of soolar energy and an increase in temperature makes the warmest part of the day the
late afternoon
Average temperatures are lower near the poles because sunlight strikes the ground at an angle ____ than 90 degrees
winds that extend over distances less than 100km are called