Urinary System

• 2 Kidneys
• 2 ureters
• bladder
• urethra

• maintains internal balance or homeostasis 
• formation of urine
• removal of nit waste and toxins (protein metabolism)
• water balance-- excretes or conserves water
• electrolyte balance- regulates excretion of electrolytes
• acid base balance- Hydrogen- conserve bicarbonate
• Regulation of BP- meds

• behind peritoneum. 
• Right-- lower
• Left-- higher

• 4" long
• 2" wide
• 1" thick
• no boney protection
• bean shaped

• adipose capsule-- fat
• renal fascia-- connective tissue

• notched area- medial surface
• blood vessels, nerves, ureter enter. 

• outer layer of the kidney
• Bowman's capsule
• proximal convoluted tubules
• distal convoluted tubule

• inner portion of the kidney
• pyramids- collecting tubules and loop of Henle
• base- face the cortex
• papillae- tip or apex
• drain into calyx 
• triangular shaped 

expansion of the upper end of the ureter-- leaves the kidney

divisions of the renal pelvis

functional units of the kidney that filter the waste products from the blood and form urine. (cleans)

cluster of tiny blood vessels/capillaries

encloses the glomerulus

• brings blood into the glomerulus
• larger than efferent

• carries away remaning blood
• branches into peritubular capillaries
• smaller than afferent

• proximal convoluted tubule
• loop of Henle
• distal convulted tubule becomes collecting tubule, drains into caylce and renal pelvis. 

rise off eff arteriole, wind around conv tubule

• Renal Artery- blood with waste
• Afferent Arteriole
• Glomerulus
• Efferent Arteriole
• Peritubular Capillaries
• Renal Vein
• IVC
• recirculates in body

• Bowman's capsule
• Prox. Convoluted Tubule
• Loop of Henle
• Distal Conv tubule
• Collecting tubule
• renal pyramids
• Renal Pelvis
• Ureter
• Urinary Bladder
• Urethra
• excreted as urine

glmoerulus blood pressure causes water and dissolved sub to filter out of the blood into Bow. cap-- nephric filtrate

• movement of sub out of the renal tubules into the blood in the peritubular cap
• water- osmosis- 99%
• sodium- active transport
• glucose- 100%
• back to blood

• movement of sub into the urine to form the blood in the peritubular cap.
• Hydrogen- active transport
• K- active transport
• ammonia(NH3)- diffusion
• drug
• all go to conv tubule, into urine

• from adrenal cortex
• increase absorption of Na and water
• decrease urine volume

• from post pit glad
• increase reabsorption of water
• decrease urine

• decrease Na and water resorption
• increase urine volume
• from atria

absence of urine

less than 30 ml of urine

large amt of urine

• group of specialized cells near nephron sensitive to BP changes
• ADH
• ANH
• RBC formation- erythropoietin- secretion hormone
• activation of Vit D- calcitrol- potent form of vit D

increase BP activates

narrow tube extending from the reanl pelvis to bladder

• reservoir where urine is stored
•  transitional epithlium
•  rugae- folds
•  trigone- floor
• Detrusor Muscle

• tube through which urine passes outide
• longer in men- reproductive function
• short in women increase risk for uti

• 1500-2000 ml excreted daily
• clear, amber, or straw color
• specific gravity- 1.001-1.035
• sterile

• water
• nit waste
• excessive material- vits...
• toxins- meds
• hormones
• yellow pigment

• abnormal components
•  RBC
•  glucose
•  WBS/pus
•  casts
•  albumin
•    may see in small amts-- normal

release of urine from the body

• involuntary- internal
• voluntary- external

stretch reflex at 350 ml urine bladder walls constrict

cystitis

• loss of functional nephron units
• loss of kidney weight
• nerve transmission impaired
• decrease bladder capacity
• urinary retention