Biol 120

• -theory of pangenesis
• -particles called pangenes travel from each part of a persons body to the eggs/sperms and are then passed on

-believed genetics was inherited through the blood, with vital heat

• -william harvey
• -organism is derived from substances present in the egg, which differentiate into adult structures during embryonic development

• -all matter is composed of small invisible units called atoms
• -John Dalton

• -Louis Pasteur
• -all organisms are made up of cells, which are derived from other cells

• -Carolus Linnaeus
• -members of a species can only give rise to other members of the species
• -implied that all species are independently created (wrong)

• -Charles Darwin
• -species arose by descent with modification from other ancestral species

• -1822-1884
• -raised on a pea farm after given up to monastery
• -studied math and botany at university of vienna

• -chose to work with peas because they were easily cultivated, many distinguishable varieties and can be cross pollinated by hand
• -tested 7 different traits

• -law of segregation
• -when any individual produces gametes, the allels seperate, so that each gamete recieves only one member of the pair of alleles

• -law of independent assortment
• -alleles of different genes assort independently of one another during gamete formation

-type of inheritance in which F₁ hybrids have an intermediate appearance between phenotypes of the parents(flower color, red and white make pink)

-condition where an individual expresses both alleles in a heterozygote (blood types)

-the determination of more than one character by a single gene 

-occurence of a gene that exists as three or more alleles in a population (similar to blood types again, could be any 2 unit combination of A B and O, so the three choices are the multiple alleles, but you can still only have two)

-the additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic characteristic (skin, eye color etc. Takes more than one gene to decide the outcome)

• -mitochondrial and chloroplasts retain some of their own genetic material which is seperate from the cells nucleus
• -mostly maternal influenced
• -can be a possibility for infectious disease

• -humans XY male and XX female
• -Birds and fish XX (called ZZ) male and female XY (ZW)
• -Grasshoppers XX female and XO male
• -ants and bees sex determined by chromosome number, female from diploid, male from haploid

-crossing over of traits between homolgous chromosomes, occurs during prophase 1 of meiosis

• -only has one X chromosome not XX
• -sterile

• -3 chromosome 21
• -reduced learning capacity
• -oval eyes

• -XXY males
• -sterile

-non sex linked inheritance, you only need to get it from one parent