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What is the INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM composed of?
- skin
- hair
- nails
- sweat
- oil
- mammary glands
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What are the functions of the EPIDERMIS?
- protect dermis form trauma
- control skin permeability
- prevent entry of pathogens
- synthesize vitamin D
- sensory receptors to detect touch, pressure, pain, and temp
- coordinates immune system response
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What are the layers of the DERMIS?
papillary layer and recticular layer
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What are the functions of the PAPILLARY LAYER of the dermis?
nourish and support the epidermis
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What are the functions of the RECTICTULAR LAYER of the dermis?
- restricts spread of pathgens
- stores lipids
- attaches skin to deeper tissues
- blood vessels to assist in thermoregulation
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What do the SENSORY RECEPTORS of the RECTICULAR LAYER detect?
- touch
- pressure
- pain
- vibration
- temperature
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What are the functions of HAIR FOLLILES?
- produce hairs that protect skull
- produce hair that provide delicate touch sensations
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What are the functions of EXOCRINE GLANDS?
- assist in thermoregulation
- excrete waste
- lubricate epidermis
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What are the functions of the INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM?
- physical protection
- reguklation of body temp
- excretion/ secretion
- nutrition synthesis
- sensation
- immune defense
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What is the SKIN and its layers?
- cutaneous membrane
- epidermis and dermis
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Describe the EPIDERMIS.
- stratified squamous
- keratinized
- *does not have blood vessels
- **relys on dermis
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Describebthe DERMIS.
- underlying LCT
- *has blodd vessels
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What are KERATINOCYTES?
- skin cells
- produce keratin
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What are MELANOCYTES? where are they found? function?
- pigment cells
- protect from UV radiation
- deep in epidermis
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What are MERKEL CELLS?
sensory cells
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What are LANGERHANS CELLS?
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What are the EPIDERMAL LAYERS from deep to most superficial?
- stratum basale
- stratum spinosum
- stratum granulosum
- stratum lucidum
- stratum corneum
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Characteristics of the STRATUM BASALE
- innermost
- basal layer
- attached to basal lamina
- has epidermal stem cells
- melanocytes
- and merkel cells
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Characteristics of the STRATUM SPINOSUM.
- keratinocytes bound together by maculae
- langerhans cells and melanocytes
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Characteristics of the STRATUM GRANULOSUM.
- 1-2 layers thick
- keratin fibers develop as cells become thinner
- cells membrane thickens
- organelles disintegrate
- cells die
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Characteristics of the STRATUM LUCIDUM.
- 1 cells thick
- appears as glassy layer in thick skin
- no nucleus
- dead
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Characteristics of the STRATUM CORNEUM.
- multiple layers of flat, dead interlocking keratinocytes
- dry
- water resistant but not water proof
- permits slow water loss
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What is HAIR?
- nonliving
- keratinized
- extends beyond surface of skin
- 98% NOT on head
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What are HAIR FOLLICLES?
organs that form hairs, alive
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Functions of SEBACEOUS GLANDS.
- secrete oily lipids that coat hair shaft and epidermis
- provide lubrication and antibacterial action
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Functions of SWEAT GLANDS.
- produce watery solution by merocrine secretion
- flush epidermal surface
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Types of SEBACEOUS GLANDS and how they secrete.
- Typical (secrete into hair follicles)
- Sebeceous Follicles (secrete onto skin surface)
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Types of SWEAT GALNDS.
- Apocrine aka ODORIFEROUS
- Merocrine
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Describe ODORIFEROUS (apocrine) SWEAT GLANDS.
- limited distribution (axillae, groin, nipples)
- produce secretion of complex composition
- strongly influenced by hormones
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Describe MEROCRINE SWEAT GLANDS.
- widespread
- produce thin secretions, mostly water
- merocrine secretion mechanism
- contolled by nervous system
- role in thermoregulation and excretion
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What is ACELLULAR SCAR TISSUE the result of?
the inability to completely heal after severe damage
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