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What is the most common cause of lower urinary tract signs in cats?
idiopathic
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What is the significance of crystalluria in cats with no clinical signs?
often normal
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What is hemorrhagic inflammation of the bladder/urethra of unknown cause in felines?
feline idiopathic cystitis
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Lower urinary tract infections are very rare in cats of what age?
very rare if <10years old (possible if older than 10)
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What human condition is related to FIC because both share irritative voiding, increased frequency+/- hematuria of unknown cause?
interstitial cystitis
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Is FIC an acute or chronic disorder? are signs persistent or intermittent?
- chronic disease
- persistent waxing and waning signs, frequently recurs
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Are males or females more likely to get FIC?
- equal occurrence with neutered/spayed at increased risk
- (NOT associated with narrow urethra in males as is often thought)
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with regard to clinical signs for to idiopathic cystitis, what does FISHY stand for?
- F= increased Frequency
- I = inappropriate urination; Irritative voiding
- S = stranguria
- H = hematuria
- Y = yowling
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what is the #1 cause of lower urinary tract disease in cats <10 years old? What is the prevalence of UTI as the cause?
- idopathic (63%)
- UTI only 1%
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What is #1 cause of lower urinary tract disease in cats greater than 10 years?
- UTI (46%)
- UTI + stones (17%)
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Do dogs have a similar syndrome to FIC?
no, most dogs have identifiable reason for their lower urinary signs (bacterial UTI, stones, etc)
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How common is FIC in the overall cat population?
<1% (not a common disease in cats but a fairly common reason to present to clinic)
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of all proposed etiology for FIC, which is the most regularly associated finding?
highly concentrated urine (high SG)
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Diet, Stress, Genetics, and age of neutering are all proposed etiology for FIC. Which is actually incorrect bc it is NOT associated with FIC?
age of neutering is not a factor
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Is dry or wet food the culprit of FIC?
- dry food
- (incr. drinking and fecal water --> decr. urine volume/incr SG)
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How long does an episode of FIC usually last?
get better in 5-10 days regardless of treatment
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What are some of the pathophysiology factors?
- upregulated sympathetic outflow***
- abnormal bladder permeability
- altered GAG layer
- mast cell infiltration
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Are NSAIDS or anti-inflammatory doses of steroids helpful for FIC patients?
no, they don't help
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what is the neurogenic inflammation theory?
sympathetic nervous system overactivity is damaging bladder innervation -OR- inflammed bladder leads to over stimulation of symp.system
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What does abnormal bladder permeability result in?
"leaky" bladder with urine permeating through bladder wall
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What are the 3 main factors involved in the pathophysiology of FIC?
- inflammation
- stress
- pain
- "sensitive" cat in a "provocative" environment
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Persians or Siamese cats are more often associated with FIC?
persians more (siamese less)
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what is the typical signalment/life style of FIC cat?
- middle aged, neutered (male/female)
- sedentary, overweight
- dry food, indoor only, litter box user
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If client funds are limited, what is more important minimum database, urinalysis or CBC/chem? if you can do both, what 3rd diagnostic is also helpful?
- urinalysis
- UA + bloodwork + plain rads (to rule out stones)
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What are 3 common complaints owners report?
- hematuria
- stranguria
- pollakiuria
- (all are common LUTD signs)
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if owner complains cat is inappropriately urinating and defecating, what does this likely mean is the cause?
behavioral
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Is the bladder painful when palpated? Is the bladder small or large?
- painful
- small (unless obstructed)
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What is the most consistent finding on UA with FIC? Is pyuria a common finding? What is pH finding?
- high SG
- uncommon/not many WBCs
- pH is variable
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