Bio ch 6

• 1.  to compartmentalize cellular metabolism
• 2.  to increase the membrane surface area for membrane-bound biochemical reactions

The outer limit of the cytoplasm responsible for the regulation of substances moving into and out of cells

large double stranded helical molecule that contains the genetic material of all living organisms

all the parts of the cell that surround the central nucleus (eukaryotes) or nucleoid region (prokaryotes)

A rigid external layer of material surrounding the plasma membrane of cells in plays, fungi, bacteria, and some protists, providing cell protection and support

The central region of Eukaryotic cells, separated by membranes from surrounding cytoplasm, where DNA replication and messenger RNA transcription occur.

In Eukaryotes, membranes separating the nucleus from the cytoplasm

A large, octagonally symmetrica, cylindrical structure that functions to exchange molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm and prevents the transport of material not meant to cross the nuclear membrane.  A nuclear pore--a channel through the complex--is the path for the exchange molecules

the nuclear site of rRNA transcription, processing, and ribosome assemply in eukaryotes

in eukaryotic cells, a linear structure composed of a single DNA molecule complexed with protein.  Each eukaryotic species has a characteristic number of chromosomes

• ER with no ribosomes attached to its membrane surfaces.  Smooth ER has various functions including:
• synthesis of lipids that become part of cell membranes

• ER with many ribosomes studding its outer surface
• Modifies new poly peptide chains

In eukaryotes, the organelle responsible for the final modification, sorting, and distribution of proteins and lipids

transports proteins from ER to Golgi and from golgi to plasma membrane

membrane-bound vesicle containing hydrolytic enzymes for the digestion of many complex molecules

a large, water filled organelle in plant cells that maintains the turgor of the cell and controls movement of molecules between the cytosol and sap

Membrane bound organelles responsible for the synthesis of most of the ATP in eukaryotic cells

The sites of photosynthesis in plant cells

• Located on the RER
• carries out protein synthesis by translating mRNA into chains of amino acids

the interconnected system of protein fibers and tubes that extends throughout the cytoplasm of a eukaryote cell

a long, thread like cellular appendage responsible for movement; found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes but with different structures and modes of locomotion

A short, microscopic, hairlike vibrating structure. Cilia occur in large numbers on the surface of certain cells, either causing currents in the surrounding fluid, or, in some protozoans and other small organisms, providing propulsion

protein responsible for selectively binding cells together

A molecular system that supports and protects cells and provides mechanical linkages