Ch. 16

What are the functions of the Digestive Sytem

eating, taking food in. starts at the mouth, teeth, tongue, saliva, chewing, swallowing is part of what function of the digestive system?

breaking the food down is known as

what are the 2 parts of digestion

breaking down the food with teeth, tongue is

starts with saliva with the enzymes in the saliva and stomach acid is

Diffusion, Active transport
-is the building blocks of food
-water, vitamins, minerals, alcohol, drugs, toxins

this process starts in the mouth, mixing the food and moving the food from mouth to the stomach

this process gets rid of food and gets rid of old blood cells, and what ever that doesnt get recycled.

This processes produces some hormones and vitamins

mastication is

deglutition is

Alimentary Canal is an aka for

What are the accessory organs that are not part of the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) or aka alimentary canal?

What is the largest internal organ that is the main accessory organ?

buccal cavity is an aka for

Ingestion start at

libia is aka for

this is known as baby teeth, milk teeth and how many teeths

this stage is the adult teeth and how many teeth in the adult stage

name all 32 teeth of your adult teeth (secondary dentition)

the cutting teeth are called

tearing teeth are called

grinding teeth are called

3rd molar is called

After the 3rd molars (wisdom teeth) are removed we have how many teeths

hardest type of bone on the the teeth is

gingiva is aka for

what is the function of the tongue when it comes to ingestion

bolus means

bumps on the tongue and contains taste buds are called

what are the 3 salivary glands

what is the largest salivary gland and is located on the cheek

this salivary gland is found under the tongue

this salivary gland is under the tongue and on the back of the tongue

what are the components of saliva

saliva have some

what are the 2 lysozyme enzyme in saliva

lysozyme enzyme in saliva that breaks fats down

lysozyme enzyme that breaks down starches

what type of saliva is thinner like water

what type of saliva is thicker and has proteins

what produces mucus

salivary gland under the tongue, close to front of chin

salivary gland under the tongue located on the back of the tongue

largest salivary gland on cheek in front of ear

what are the enzymes in the the mouth and saliva

GI Tract starts at the

Starting with the mouth it begins with

This structure in the oral cavity helps block food from getting into the nasal cavity

pharynx (oropharynx) includes

prevents you from choking and food getting into the lungs

swallowing is

aka for pharynx

lower part of pharynx is what type of muscles

this is the conscious and upper part of pharynx is made of what type of muscle

wavelike contraction for movement through the GI tract and is made of smooth muscles this is called

muscles that stays contracted all the time and only opens up to allow food to pass through and goes back to contracted state is a circular, muscle wich controls an opening this is called a

lower esophageal aka is

How many inches is the esophagus

The whole GI tract is made of what

mucous membrane has how many layers

what are the 4 layers of the mucous membrane?

this layer is thick and slick. made of mucous membrane. it is the inner most layer. produces mucus. most variable layer. digestion and absorbtion. protects from bacteria and infection.

what type of tissue is the mucous membrane made of

goblet cells are

what layer is the most unique layer and why is it unique

greater omentum

this layer has glands, blood vessels, lymph vessel, lymphatic tissue- Peyer's Patches, nerve bundles-nerve plexes

what type of tissue is the submucosa layer made of

this layer has 2 layers of muscles and 3 layers in the stomach

this layer is made of serous membrane, produces serous fluid and forms connecting membranes

what are the connecting membrane of serosa

the peritoneum has a outer layer called? and an inner layer called?

the space inside the mucosa is called the

stomach starts at the

what is the extra storage area on the upper right side of the body of the stomach called

to the left side of the body of the stomach is called "gate keeper" and is the main cause of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) that is called the

and next to the pyloris is the

stomach has ridges inside called

what structure allows the stomach to expand like an accordian

what is an aka name for gastric pits

this area has tubes and sites of enzymes and stomach acid production

the gastric pits have mucous cells which produces

the gastric pits also produces chief cells which produce what and what is an aka for chief cells

what is the inactive form of enzyme produced by the stomach in the gastric pits by the chife cells aka zymogenic cells to digest proteins

what is the active form of enzyme produced by the stomach in the gastric pits by the chife cells aka zymogenic cells to digest proteins

what is the most powerful enzyme produced by stomach to break down proteins

in the stomach in the gastric pits what produce Hydrochloric (Hcl) Acid

what is HcL (Hydrochloric Acid) and what does it do?

what is the pH of stomach acid

what is the intrinsic factor of the stomach in the parietal cells

is an endocrine in the stomach produces gastrin (hormone) and Chyme

is a hormone that stimulates digestion produced by the G cell in the stomach

this is a mixture of food and digestive enzymes and HcL acid

what is the name of the muscles between the eyes

small intestine has 3 division and is about 20 ft long. what are the 3 divisions

what is the largest part of the digestive tract and is hwere most of the digestion and absorbtion is done

which part of the small intestine receives chyme from stomach

breaks down starches

carbs get broken down to

glucose and fats get broken down to

glycerol is a

proteins are broken down to

polypeptides are broken down to

peptides are broken down to

what ezymes comes from the pancreas

enzyme peptidase converts to

which enzyme digest proteins

what are the building blocks of amino acids

what enzyme breaks down starches (carbs)

what is a complex carbohydrates (starch, fiber)

dissaccharides are _____ and is most common disaccharide is ____

sucrose is

maltose is

malt sugar is

Lactose  is

this is milk sugar and is a mixture of glucose + galactose

sucrose, glucose, maltose, lactose are all a form of

lipids are 2 components of fats. what are the 2 components of fats for lipids

this enzyme breaks down fats into fatty acids and glyceral

a milk protein most people are allergic to

breaks down lactose

breaks down maltose

breaks down sucrose

receives chyme from stomach, bile from gallbladder, and digestive juice from pancreas

gut brain

upper GI

Inside of small intestines have these cicular folds called

what is the function of plica circulares

on the surface of villi and in each villus it has what to absorb fats

what forms triglyceride

triglyceride gets packaged in with cholestrol and proteins called

chylomicron is a combination of

what are the fat soluable vitamins

lymph capillaries absorb

blood capillaries absorb

water soluable vitamins are

waht is another name for chylomicron

a combination of triglyceride, cholestrol, and proteins is

Low proteins and high cholestrol is

more proteins and less cholestrol you have

vldl is

triglycerides or aka triacyglycerols gets absorbed in

bile is produced by

this is a mixture of bile salts, bile pigments, cholestrol.

bile is stored in

what emulsifies fats

what makes poop brown or green and is the by prdoucto f red blood cells

bile is produced by the liver and goes through what duct

what contracts and squeeze bile out is the

what trigger squeezin in the bile duct is the

in the stomach what hormone increase Hcl acid and increase gastric emptying

in the duodenum what hormone increase secretion of bile and increase bicarbonate ion

what causes contraction of gall bladder and increase pancreatic enzymes

what increases pH more basic, alkaline

what is the largest internal organ responsible for metabolism of carbs, fats, amino acids and production of blood proteins

carbs =

what organ detoxify, recycles RBCs, stores fat solualbe vitamin (ADEK) sotres glycogen (glucose product) (grape and raison anology) and production of bile

what is 99% acini cells and 1% of islets of Langerfhens

where is the pancreas

what part of the pancreas is what leads into the duodenum

pepsin and typsin both break down

what separates the small intestine from the large intestines

WHAT IS THE 1ST part of the large intestine called

colon is also known as

what are the parts of the large intestine

large intestine digest

what vitamin does bacteria produce

the large intestine also absorbs

large intestine forms

cecum =

large intestine starts at the

pouch of large intestine is called

the process of mashing feces is called

strip of tissue is a combo of smooth muscle and connective tissue is called

the fat pouches on taeniae coli on the large intestine are called

name the structure of the large intestine from start to end

turns on large intestine are called

the anus has 2 sphincters

which sphincter on the anus is involuntary smooth muscle

which sphincter on the anus is voluntary skeletal muscle

which vitamin is important for blood clotting and is produced by bacteria

deciduous teeth

what appendage is attached to the cecum

stomach produce

what enzyme is produced in saliva and pancreas

saliva produces what enzymes