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Heel strike/ initial contact
-Required ROM?
-Muscle action?
- ROM
- Neutral dorsiflexion
- slight knee flesxion
- 25-30 degree hip flexion
- Muscle actionConcentric/eccentric DF
- slight supination
- eccentric quads
- Eccentric/isometric hip extensors
- isometric hip add
- eccentric erector spinae
-
Foot flat/ loading response
Required ROM?
Muscle action?
- ROM
- 15 degrees of PF
- 15-20 degrees knee flexion
- 25-30 degrees of hip flexion
- Muscle action
- Eccentric DF
- Eccentric quads
- Brief Isometric followed by Concentric Hip extensors
- Isometric abductors
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Midstance
Required ROM?
Muscle action?
- ROM
- Up to 10 degrees of DF
- Slight (5 degrees) knee flexion
- Slight (5 degrees) hip flexion
- Muscle Action
- Eccentric PF (soleus)
- Ankle should be pronated by now
- Quads/hams fairly inactive
- Concentric extensors
-
Heel off/ terminal stance
Required ROM?
Muscle action?
- ROM
- 15 degrees of DF
- nearly full knee extension
- 10 degrees hip extension
- Muscle action
- Concentric PF
- Sub-talar neutral before heel off
- Knee is inactive
- Eccentric hip flexors
-
Toe off/ preswing
Required ROM?
Muscle action?
- ROM
- 20 degrees PF
- about 40 degrees knee flexion
- 10 degrees hip extension to neutral (moving toward flexion)
- Muscle action?
- Concentric PF
- Knee is fairly inactive
- Hip flexors begin to concentrically contract
-
Acceleration/ Initial swing
Required ROM?
Muscle action?
- ROM
- 10 degrees PF (moving toward neutral)
- knee moves into more flexion
- hip is neutral& moving into flexion
- Muscle action
- Concentric DF
- Concentric knee flexion
- Concentric hip flexion
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Midswing/midswing
Required ROM?
Muscle action?
- ROMNeutral DF, up to 10 degrees PF
- 65 degrees of knee flexion
- continues to flex up to 30 degrees
- Action
- Concentric DF
- Quads begin to extend knee; hams keep it flexed prior to this
- Hip extensors begin to contract eccentrically
-
Deceleration/ terminal swing
Required ROM?
Muscle action?
- ROM
- Ankle is neutral
- Knee moves towards full extension
- 25-30 degrees of hip flexion until just before heel strike, then will begin to extend
- Action
- Concentric DF
- Knee is quiet once quads have extended the knee
- Eccentric hip extension to prepare for heel strike
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Possible reasons for an anterior trunk lean at initial contact
- Hip flexor contracture
- weak erector spinae
- weak knee extension
- decreased DF ROM
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What are some possible reasons for circumduction
- low hip flex strength
- low knee ROM
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What are some possible reasons of posterior trunk lean at initial contact
weak hip extensors
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What are possible reasons for hip hiking
- leg length discrepency
- decreased hip flex, knee flex, & DF
- short/spastic QL
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What are possible reasons for vaulting
- decreased knee flexion ROM or strength
- leg length discrepency
- spastic plantar flexors
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What are possible reasons for Toe in gait
- Weak external hip rot
- anteversion
- Tight int hip rot
- Tight IT band
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What are possible reasons for toe out
- femoral retroversion
- weak int rot
- tight ext hip rot
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what are possible reasons for scissor gait
- hip adductor spasticity
- short internal hip rot
- weak ext hip rot
- weak hip abd
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What is the definition of initial contact?
Heel contacts the ground
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What is the definition of foot flat?
- Beginning: just after initail contact when body weight is being tranferred onto leg an entire foot makes contact with the ground
- Ending: Opposite foot leaves the ground
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What is the definition of midstance?
- Beginning: Opposite foot leaves the ground
- Ending: Body is directly over the weight-bearing limb
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What is the definition of terminal stance?
- Beginning: as the heel of weight-bearing leg rises
- Ending: inital contact of the opposite foot; the body has moved in fron of the weight-bearing leg
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What is the definition of preswing?
- Beginning: inital contact and weight shifting onto the opposite leg
- Ending: just before toes of weight-bearing leg leaves te ground
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What is the definition of initial swing?
- Beginning: The toes leave the ground
- Ending: The swing foot is opposite the weight-bearing, and the knee is in maximum flexion
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What is the definition of midswing?
- Beginning: The swing foot is opposite the weight-bearing foot
- Ending: The swing leg has moved in fron of the body and the tibia is in vertical position
-
What is the definition of terminal swing?
- Beginning: the tibia is in a vertical position
- Ending: just prior to inital contact
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