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Patho 3
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HPA axis
Hypothalamus
--> corticotropin-releasing hormone
Pituitary
--> ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
Adrenal
gland -->
cortisol
HPT axis
Hypothalamic
--> TRH - thyrotropin-releasing hormone
Pituitary
--> TSH - thyroid-stimulating hormone
Thyroid
axis (T3, T4)
HPG axis
Hypothalamus
--> GnRH (gonatropin-releasing hormone)
Pituitary
--> LH, FSH
Gonadal
axis - produce estrogen and testosterone
-- produces more thyroid hormone
Circadian Rhythms
metabolic rhythms
coincides with 24-25 hour day
regulates cycle
of:
= sleeping/waking
= body temperature
= hormones influencing mood and behavior
Light = most external cue
- determines/modifies circadian rhythms
Control center of Circadian Rhythms
Suprchiasmatic nucleus in hypothalamus
Amino acid precursor to
Serotonin
Tryptophan
-->
serotonin
Amino acid precursor to
Dopamine
Tyrosin
-->
dopa
-->
dopamine
-->
norepinephrine
-->
epinephrine
What are 3 monoamine neurotransmitters associated with depression
?
Are they increased or decreased?
Serotonin
-
depletion
may precipitate depression
= low CSF and platelet serotonin metabolites in 65% of suicidal patients
= sadness
Norepinephrine
-
depletion
in depression
= planning and concentration
Dopamine
-
reduced
levels in depression
= fatigue, low energy, motivation
How would
stress-associated depression
affect
cortisol secretion
by the
adrenal gland
(
HPA axis
)?
Hypothalamus
- CRH (cortisol-releasing hormone)
Pituitary
- ACTH
Adrenals
- glucocorticoids
- excess glucocorticoids -->
hippocampal atrophy
-->
chronic activation of HPA axis
- results in
depression and anxiety
Author
cgordon05
ID
18121
Card Set
Patho 3
Description
brain neurobiology
Updated
2010-05-06T22:47:25Z
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