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Patho 3

  1. HPA axis
    • Hypothalamus --> corticotropin-releasing hormone
    • Pituitary --> ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
    • Adrenal gland --> cortisol
  2. HPT axis
    • Hypothalamic --> TRH - thyrotropin-releasing hormone
    • Pituitary --> TSH - thyroid-stimulating hormone
    • Thyroid axis (T3, T4)
  3. HPG axis
    • Hypothalamus --> GnRH (gonatropin-releasing hormone)
    • Pituitary --> LH, FSH
    • Gonadal axis - produce estrogen and testosterone
    • -- produces more thyroid hormone
  4. Circadian Rhythms
    • metabolic rhythms
    • coincides with 24-25 hour day
    • regulates cycle of:
    • = sleeping/waking
    • = body temperature
    • = hormones influencing mood and behavior
    • Light = most external cue - determines/modifies circadian rhythms
  5. Control center of Circadian Rhythms
    Suprchiasmatic nucleus in hypothalamus
  6. Amino acid precursor to Serotonin
    Tryptophan --> serotonin
  7. Amino acid precursor to Dopamine
    Tyrosin --> dopa --> dopamine --> norepinephrine --> epinephrine
  8. What are 3 monoamine neurotransmitters associated with depression?
    Are they increased or decreased?
    • Serotonin - depletion may precipitate depression
    • = low CSF and platelet serotonin metabolites in 65% of suicidal patients
    • = sadness
    • Norepinephrine - depletion in depression
    • = planning and concentration
    • Dopamine - reduced levels in depression
    • = fatigue, low energy, motivation
  9. How would stress-associated depression affect cortisol secretion by the adrenal gland (HPA axis)?
    • Hypothalamus - CRH (cortisol-releasing hormone)
    • Pituitary - ACTH
    • Adrenals - glucocorticoids
    • - excess glucocorticoids --> hippocampal atrophy --> chronic activation of HPA axis
    • - results in depression and anxiety
Author
cgordon05
ID
18121
Card Set
Patho 3
Description
brain neurobiology
Updated

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