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Poliomyelitis
- Affects the motor neurons of the Medulla oblongata, pons, and spinal cord
- highly prevalent in the 1940s and 1950s
- today is virtually eliminatied form western hemisphere
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Casues of Polio
- Enterviral infrection spread by human waster
- replicates in oropharyngeal and intestinal mucosea
- absorbed into blood
- spreads to internal organs and lymph nodes
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two possible outcomes of Polio
- asymptomatic or mild febrile undifferentiated illness (nonparalytic)
- spreads to spinal cord and brainstem causing paralysis (paralytic)
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Symptoms of Polio
- Stiff neck
- red sore throat
- gastrointestinal disturbance
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Treatment for Polio
- Stalk (injection) vaccine - inactive polio virus
- Sabin (oral) vaccine - attenuated polio virus
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Post-polio syndrome
- Affects polio surviors 20 to 30 years after onset of diease
- incidence estimated at 25% to 40% of polio surviors
- includes excessive fatigue, muslcel weakness and or muscle joint pain
- not preventable or curable
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Rabies
- Zoonotic diseas (transmitted from animals to humans) causing encephalomyelitis (swelling of the brain and spinal cord)
- transmitted by secretions (saliva, urine) of an infected animal bite where skin is broken
- may become airborne
- Incubation 10days to 7 days depending (avg 3-7 weeks)
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Symptoms of Rabies
- fever
- pain
- mental derangment
- rage
- convulsions
- paralysis
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Course of Rabies infection
- attacks brainstem control of muscles for brething and swallowing
- profuse sticky saliva
- hydrophobia
- death
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Treatment of rabbies
- Rabies vaccine - antibody response ( 5injections over 14 days)
- Human rabies immunoglobin - fast acting passive immunity injected directly in ot wound and at a distal intrmuscular site
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