The small intestine is a tubular organ that extends from the ____ to the opening of the large intestines, ____ found in the loewr right abdomen
pyloric sphincter
ileocecal valve
Most of the absorption of the ____ occurs in the small intestine
digestive processes
Why is it called the SMALL intestines
because the lumen is smaller than the large
The small intestine is over ____ times as long as the large intestine
4
What are the 3 parts of the small intestine
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
What is the 1st part of the small intestine that takes up 1st 10 inches and is the most fixed portion
duodenum
The duodenum begins at the ____ in the stomach and joins with the ____ posteriorly
pyloric opening
jejunum
The head of the ____ lies in close proximity to the duodenum
pancreas
the duodenum receives gastric juices from the pancreas via the ____ and from the gall bladder and liver via the
pancreatic duct
bile duct
The pancreatic and bile ducts converge at a single opening through the ____; also called ____
sphincter of Oddi
ampulla of vater
The ____ extends from the duodenum to the ileum and is about 9ft in length
jejunum
Both the jejunum and the ileum are suspended from the posterior wall by a double layered fold of peritoneum called ____ which contains_____
mesentery
blood vessles, nerves and lymphatic vessles that supply the intestinal wall
The ileum extends from the ____ to the junction with the large intestine at the _____, either in the right lower abdoment or in the pelvis
jejunum
cecum
The _____ is the opening between the terminal part of the ileum and cecum
ileocecal valve
What are the tiny projections of mucous memebrance all throughout the small intestine and play an important role in mixing chyme with intestinal juice and in the absorption and digestive processes
intestinal villi
The villi are covered with ____ and contain a core of ____ containing blood capillaries and nerve fibers
simple columnar epithelium
connective tissue
The presence of ____ enhance the process of absoprtion and create a brush like border and gently increase the surface area of the cells
microvilli
What functions to carry away substances absorbed by the villus
blood and lymph capillaries inside the villi
The ____ in the small intestine act to stimulate or inhibit the small intestine activities
nerve fibers
What is between the bases of the villi and are tubular intestinal glands
crypts of lieberkuhn
Where do stem cells for the columnar epithelium reside?
Crypts of Lieberkuhn
What are found in the mucosa of the small intestine?
Collections of lymphatic tissue
What are lymphatic tissues that are most numerous in the terminal ileum and become involved during infections such as typhoid fever and tuberculosis of the intestine
Peyer's Patches
How is chyme propelled through the small intestine
Peristaltic waves
Food moves slow through the small intestine about ____ to travel to the large intestine
3-10 hours
The small intestine is where we get most of our nutrients and is the MOST sensitive to radiation and can only take about ___ dose
4000 cGy
Why do we not normally treat the small intestine
Because it is like hitting a moving target
How are small intestinal tumors usually discovered?
upper GI
small bowel follow through
endoscopy
Small intestinal ca is a rare carcinoma but tumore are generally found in the
duodenum or 1st few jejunal loops
50% of the small intestinal lesions are called
adenocarcinoma
What are some disorders associated with small intestinal ca
Polyposis
Chrohn's disease
Gardner syndrome
What are symptoms of small intestinal ca
obstruction
rectal bleeding
weight loss
weakness
bloating
abdominal pain
N&V
fever
How can small intestinal disease spread
via direct entension, lymph or blood system
#1 LIVER
lungs
bone
What are treatment options for small intestinal CA
Surgery or chemo NO Radiation because of the motion of the organ and bowel sensitivity
Which chemo drug is used for small intestinal CA
5FU
What is the 5 year survival rate for small intestinal CA
< 20%
Eventually food moves through the small intestine and pushed through the ____ into the large intestine