IBHS LAB 5

• protection
• support
• mvmt for body

blood

production

muscle

• formation of blood cells
• storage of fat in bone marrow
• storage & relase of minerals (Ca)

pertaining to muscles and skeleton

straight

child

pertaining to

branch involving prevention & correction of deformities or dx of musculoskel sys (esp bones, muscles, joints, ligaments & tendons)

• originally aligned children's bones
• today: specializes in disorders of bones & associated structures

pertaining to

joint

ends of opposing bones

provide protective cushions, muscles make it possible to bend knees.

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pertaining to

anterior, twd the front

carpus (wrist bones)

change or next in a series

tarsus (ankle bones)

vertebra

skull, spinal column, breastbone, ribs

• clavicle, cranium, costa, scapula, sternum, spine 
• vertebrae (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx)

ilium, ischium, pubis

humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

femur, patella, fibula, tibia, tarsals, calcaneus, metatarsals, phalanges

• clavicle
• collarbone

• cranium
• skull

• costa
• rib

• scapula
• shoulder blade

• sternum
• breastbone

• spine
• backbone

• vertebrae
• spinal bones

• cervical vertebrae
• spinal bones

• thoracic vertebrae
• spinal bones

• lumbar vertebrae
• spinal bones

• sacrum (sacral vertebrae)
• spinal bones

• coccyx (coccygeal vertebrae)
• tailbone (fused coccygeal bones)
• spinal bones

• humerus
• upper arm bone

• radius
• bones of forearm

• ulna
• bones of forearm

• carpals
• wrist bones

• metacarpals
• bones of hand

• phalanges
• bones of fingers

pelvis

• ilium
• pelvic bones

• ischium
• pelvic bones

• pubis
• pelvic bones

• femur
• thigh bone

• patella
• kneecap

• fibula
• bones of lower leg

• tibia
• bones of lower leg

• tarsals
• ankle bones

• calcaneus
• heel bone

• metatarsals
• bones of feet

• phalanges
• bones of toes

• refers to skull
• encloses & protects brain
• skull: cranial & facial bones

encloses SC, supports head, serves as place of attachment for ribs & muscles of back

painful spine

inflammatino of a vertebra

• between 2 adjoining vertebrae
• cushions of cartilage btwn adjoining vertebrae (intervertebral disks)
• layers absorb shock

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid

maxilla, mandible

• 33
• SC part of CNS
• cylindrical structure located in spinal canal, extending from lower part of brain to upper part of lumbar region

• aka CSF
• clear, colorless liquid
• circulates throughout brain & SC

C1-C7

• T1-T12
• part of posterior wall of thoracic cavity

• lower back
• L1-L5

inferior thoracic vertebrae & superior lumbar vertebrae

5 sacral vertebrae fused into 1 (adults)

• tailbone; fusion of vertebrae
• located @ base of spinal column
• represents 4 fused coccygeal bones

• 12 pairs
• 1-7 = true ribs
• 8-12 = false ribs (dont attach to sternum)

• btwn ribs
• intercostal mus lie btwn ribs & draw adj ribs togeher to increase vol of chest when breathing

below/under ribs

sternum & ribs

rib & vertebra

resembling

• 12 on each side of chest
• 1-12
• 1-7 join directly w/sternum by cartilage
• 8-12 do not directly join w/sternum
• 11-12= floating ribs

pertaining to rib & vertebra

• upper part of trunk/cage of bone & cartilage containing organs of respiration & circulation & covering part of abdominal organs
• formed by sternum & costal cartilages; thoracic vertebrae & dorsal parts of ribs

pertaining to breastbone

location or position below sternum

pertains to clavicle & sternum

made w/needle to get sample of bone marrow

attach to sternum & R/L scapula

pertains to clavicle

• refers to scapula
• upper arm bones attach to scapulae

instrument for recording

radiant energy

• bones larger & heavier
• pelvic outlet = heart shaped

• pelvic outlet larger & more oval
• size & shape varies
• important in childbirth
• L5 + sacrum joined by pubic symphysis

• lower vertebrae
• basin-like structure formed by sacrum, coccyx & pelvic girdle (pelvic bones)

• 2 help form pelvis
• consists of 3 separate bones
• - ilium, ischium, pubis
• fuse by adulthood --> hip bone

ilium

ischium

excision of one or more bones of wrist

• sx from pressure on median nerve in carpal tunnel of wrist
• pain, burning, tingling in fingers/hand

• 2 in thumb
• 3 in other four fingers
• phalangitis = inflam of bones of fingers/toes

far/distant from origin or point of attachment

btwn

nearer the origin or point of attachment

8

5 metacarpal bones

• metacarpophalangeal joint
• proximal phalanx
• middle phalanx
• distal phalanx

• hip bone
• femur
• patella
• tibia & fibula
• tarsals
• calcaneus
• metatarsals
• phalanges

bones of thight, leg, foot & kneecap

• tibia (larger)
• fibula

• ankle
• instep
• five toes

• 7
• calcaneus (heel bone) is longest

5 metatarsals

resembling bone

bone contains living cells & richly supplied w/BV & nerves

• process: organic tissue becomes hardened by deposits of calcium
• abnormal in soft tissue

loss of calcium from bone or teeth

decalcification w/out replacement of lost calcium

soft organic material in central cavity of bone

inflamm of SC or bone marrow

replacement of bone marrow by fibrious tissue

inflamm of bone, often involving bone marrow

inflam of brain & SC

stiff

articulation, joint

weakness

bursa

calcium

little cell or compartment

cartilage

down, from, or reversing

change or next in series

malignant tumor of CT

tendon

• type of dense CT
• elastic but strong
• withstands pressure/tension
• forms major part of embryonic skel; replaced by bone as matures
• located in ext ear, nasal septum, windpip, btwn vertebrae, cover bone surfaces where meet

pertaining to cartilage

lubes joints

place of union btwn 2 or more bones

• joints with cavities btwn articulating bones
• freely movable
• contains synovial fluid
• ex. elbow, knee, ankle, shoulder, hip joints

• sacs of fluid in areas of friction (esp joints)
• helps decrease friction/shock absorption

• extension
• flexion
• rotation
• circumduction

straightens limb

bends limb

mvmt of bone around its own axis

circular mvmt of a limb at the far end

• strong bands of fibrous CT; connects bones/cartilage
• support & strengthen joints

cells or fibers that contract & allow mvmt of organ/part of body

• cardiac (heart)
• smooth (visceral or involuntary) in internal organs
• skeletal (voluntary control)

fibrous membrane covers, supports, & separates muscles

• bands of strong fibrous tissue 
• attach muscles to bones