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Aqueous solution
A solution in which water is the solvent.
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Colloid
a substance which is not crystalline in its anhydrous form
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Colloidal solution
a "solution-like" system
a mixture of insoluble particles and a solvent in whic the particles cannot be seen by the unaided eye
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What are the examples of colloidal solutions?
- gelatin
- blood plasma
- lanolin
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the particles of solute in this type of solution are capable of passing through filters but NOT through membranes?
Colloidal solution
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Concentrated solution
that solution which is holding a relatively large amount of solute
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Dilute solution
that solution which is holding relatively small amount of solute
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Saturated solution
a solution containing all of the solute the solvent is able to hold at a certain temperature and pressure
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Supersaturated solution
a solution containing more solute than it could hold under ordinary circumstances
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Unsaturated solution
a solution containing less of the solute than can be held in solution by the solvent under ordinary circumstances
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Diffusion
the movement of a solute or other particles in solution from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration
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Homogenous
uniform concentration
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Crenation
when a red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution and shrinks
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Plasmolysis
movement of solvent out of a cell to a solution of greater concretration causing it to shrink
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Plasmoptysis
movement of solvent into the cell to a solution of greater concentration causing it to swell and burst
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Hemolysis
when a red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution and swells and bursts
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Hypertonic solution
the solution having a greater concentration of disolved solute than the solution to which it is being compared
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Dialysis
the seperation of crystalloidal and colloidal solutes in a complex solution by passing the solution through a semipermeable membrane
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Humectants used in embalming solutions are considered what type of solution?
a colloidal
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Hypotonic solution
the solution having a lesser concentration of dissolved solut than the solution to which it is being compared
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Osmosis(2)
the selective flow of a diffusable component through a semipermeable membrane (must have)
the passage of a solvent from an area of lesser concentration (of solute) to one of greater concentration (of solute) when the two solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane
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Isotonic solution
when two solutions on either side of a membrane are of equal concentrations
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the rate of diffusion is directly proportional to the temperature of the solution
the warmer the solution, the faster the solute will disperse
the cooler the solution, the slower the solute will disperse
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the rate of diffusion is directly proportional to the concentration of the solution
the more solute there is, the faster it will disperse
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the rate of diffusion is directly proportional to the agitation of the solution
the more the solution is moved, the faster the solute will disperse
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the rate of diffusion is inversely proportional to the size of the molecules of either the solvent or solute
the larger the molecules, the slower they will move and disperse
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How are solutions measured qualitatively?
the comparison of the "relative" amount of solute present in a volume of solvent rather than precise amounts
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Solubility(2)
the measure of how well two substances mix
the amount of solute needed to produce a saturated solution in a given amount of solvent
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Ratio
a comparison between the number of parts of the solute and the total number of parts in the solutions (solute plus solvent)
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Percentage
the number of grams of solute in one hundred mililiters of solution
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Index
the number of grams formaldehyde in one hundred militers of solution
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True solution
a homogenous molecular mixture of two or more substances able to pass through a semipermeable membrane
it is assumed that it will pass through a filter also
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Crystalloidal solution
a true solution
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Crystalloid
a substance that is crystalline in its anhydrous (dry) solid form and is capable of passing through both filters and membranes when it is soluble solute in a solution
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Tincture
a solution in which an alcohol is the solvent
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Suspension
a mixture of insoluble particles and a solvent in which the particles can be seen by the unaided eye
the particles of solute in a suspension will not pass through filters of membranes
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Emulsion
a mixture of two insoluble liquids with one dispersed throughout the other in small droplets
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Electrolytic solution
a solution contains solutes capable of conducting electricity
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What are the examples of electrolytic solutions?
those that ionize in water
inorganic acids, bases, salts
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Non-electrolytic solution
a solution containing solutes that are incapable of conducting electricity
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What are the examples of non-electrolytic solutions?
organic carbohydrates, lipids, and alcohols
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Mixture
a combination of two or more substances not chemically united and not in definite proportion by mass
any combination of solids, liquids, or gases
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Solution
a homogenous mixture of one or more substances (solutes) dispersed in a sufficient quantity of dissolving medium (solvent)
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Can you distinguish between the solvent and the solute in a true solution?
NO
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Solute(2)
the component of a solution that is dissolved
it is present in the lesser amount by weight
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Solvent(2)
the component of a solution that is capable of dissolving the other component
it is present in the greater amount by weight
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Solvation
the process of dissolving the solute in the solvent to make a solution
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What are the examples of crystalloidal solutions?
- suger water
- salt water
- arterial fluids
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What must usually be altered to create a saturated solution?
usually the temperature and/or the pressure that are altered to accomodate such a solution
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How are arterial fluids designed to be as compared to tissue fluids?
arterial fluids are disgned to be hypotonic to tissue fluids and cells so that the arterial fluid will be allowed to enter into the cells
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How are solutions measured quantitatively?
by precise amounts
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What happens to normal tissue cells when placed in a hypertonic solution?
plasmolysis
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What happens to normal tissue cells when placed in a hypotonic solution?
plasmoptysis
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What happens to red blood cells when placed in a hypertonic solution?
crenation
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What happens to red blood cells when placed in a hypotonic solution?
hemolysis
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Which component of a solution is present in the greater amount by weight?
solvent
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Which component of a solution is present in the lesser amount by weight?
solute
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the particles of solute in this type of solution will not pass through filters or membranes
suspension
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the particles of solute in this type of solution will pass through both filters and membranes
true solution
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