Which of the following is NOT a supportive cell of the nervous system?
a. Astrocyte
b. Microglia
c. Pyramidal
d. Oligodendrocyte
C pyramidal
The point at which an impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another is called the
a. effector
b. synapse
c. receptor
d. terminal
b. synapse
The gap between Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system is called a(n):
a. nissl body
b. node of Ranvier
c. connexon
d. Ohm
b. node of Ranvier
The period after an initial impulse when a neuron is not sensitive to another stimulus is the:
a. resting period
b. refractory period
c. depolarized period
d. repolarized period
b. refractory period
Which of the following is not a function of the autonomic nervous system?
a. innervation of smooth muscle of the digestive tract
b. innervation of cardiac muscle
c. innervation of glands
d. innervation of skeletal muscle
d. innervation of skeletal muscle
A neuron that has a primary function of connecting other neurons together is called a(n):
a. sensory neuron
b. motor neuron
c. connexon
d. association neuron
d. association neuron
The central nervous system includes
a. the autonomic nervous system
b. the spinal cord
c. the peripheral nerves
d. sensory receptors
b. the spinal cord
The supportive cells that are functionally similar to the schwann cells are the ____ cells.
d. astrocyte
A. oligodendrocyte
Motor neurons are
a. Unipolar
b. bipolar
c. multipolar
d. nonpolar
c. multipolar
After an action potential has peaked, which cellular gates open?
a. Calcium
b. Sodium
c. Potassium
d. Chloride
c. potassium
The sympathetic and parasympathetic are subdivisions of the:
a. central nervous system
b. voluntary nervous system
c. autonomic nervous system
d. somatic nervous system
c. autonomic nervous system
Direct-acting neurotransmitters
C. open ion channels to provoke rapid responses
Neuron processes that carry inpulses away from the nerve cell body are called
a. nissl bodies
b. dendrites
c. axons
d. epineurium
c axons
Bipolar neurons are found:
d. in most nervous pathways.
A. in the retina of the eye
The function of ependymal cells is to
a. connect nerve processes and blood vessels together
b. clear debris and damaged cells from nervous tissue
c. circulate cerebral spinal fluid
d. cover nerve processes to help speed up nerve impulses
c. circulate cerebral spinal fluid
Saltatory conduction is made possible by the
a. myelin sheath
b. large nerve fibers
c. large nerve impulses
d. simultaneous impulses
a. myelin sheath
IPSPs function to
a. depolarize the postsynaptic neuron
b. depolarize the presynaptic neuron
c. hyperpolarize the postsynaptic neuron
d. hyperpolarize the presynaptic neuron
c. hyperpolarize the postsynaptic neuron
Which system functions during emergency situations?
a. sympathetic
b. parasympathetic
c. somatic
d. central
a sympathetic
A neural circuit in which a single impulse is repeated over and over again is called a
a. converging circuit
b. diverging circuit
c. parallel circuit
d. reverberating circuit
d. reverberation circuit
Which is not a characteristic of neurons?
a. They are amitotic
b. They require a continuous supply of oxygen
c. They have a fast metabolic rate
d. They normally live for only a few days
d. they normally live for only a few days.
A major nerve of the cervical plexus is the:
a. radial.
b. sciatic.
c. vagus.
d. phrenic.
d phrenic
A reflex that causes muscle relaxation and lengthening in response to muscle contraction is called a:
a. deep tendon reflex.
b. crossed extensor reflex.
c. plantar reflex.
d. flexor reflex.
a. deep tendon reflex
A simple spinal reflex goes along which of the following reflex arcs?
C. receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector
Basic reflexes:
a. may be modified by learned behavior.
b. are rapid, predictable, learned responses.
c. are autonomic only.
d. are always mediated by the brain.
a. may be modified by learned behavior.
Golgi tendon organs:
a. are proprioceptors.
b. are photoreceptors.
c. are exteroceptors.
d. are found primarily in dermal papillae.
a. are proprioceptors
If the ventral root of a spinal nerve were cut, what would be the result in the tissue or region that nerve supplies? a. complete loss of sensation
b. a complete loss of sensation and movement
c. loss of neither sensation nor movement but only of autonomic control
d. a complete loss of voluntary movement
d. a complete loss of voluntary movement
In a crossed extensor reflex, if the right arm were grabbed it would flex and the left arm would:
a. also flex.
b. adduct.
c. abduct.
d. extend.
extend
Nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS only are:
a. mixed nerves.
b. efferent nerves.
c. afferent nerves.
d. motor nerves.
c. afferent nerves
Select the statement about plexuses that is most correct: a. Only ventral rami form plexuses.
b. The ventral rami of thoracic spinal nerves unite to form the thoracic plexus.
c. The dorsal rami of all spinal nerves unite to form complex networks.
d. Each branch of the plexus contains fibers from a single spinal nerve.
a. only ventral rami form plexuses
The sciatic nerve is a combination of which two nerves?
a. posterior femoral cutaneous and tibial
b. pudendal and common peroneal
c. pudendal and posterior femoral cutaneous
d. common peroneal and tibial
d. common peroneal and tibial
Neurotransmitter Receptor Mechanisms
_______ binds to G protein-linked ______. G protein is activated and ___ is hydrolyzed to GDP. The activated ______ complex activates adenylate cyclase. Adenylate cyclase catalyzes the formation of _____ from ATP. cAMP, a _____ messanger, brings about various cellular responses.
Neurotransmitter, receptor, GTP, G protein, cAMP. second
Neurotransmitters binds to G protein-linked receptors. G protein is activated and GTP is hydrolyzed to GDP. The activated G protein complex activates adenylate cyclase. Adenylate cyclase catalyzes the formation of cAMP from ATP. cAMP, a second messanger, brings about various cellular responses.
The PNS or peripheral nerous system is _____ _____ and _____ _____.
paired spinal, cranial nerves.
The ________ is a collection of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS.
visceral
ganglion
microglia
ganglion
Are sensory neres afferent or efferent?
afferent (input)
Are motor nerves afferent or efferent?
efferent (output)
The _______ sensory division carries impulses from skin, skeletal muscles, and joints to the brain.
somatic
visceral
somatic
The 2 divisions of the Autonomic nervous system is the ___________ and the _________.
sympathetic, parasympathetic
Another name for a nerve cell is a ______.
neuron
physiological properties of nerve cells are:
Excitability- response to stimuli
Conductivity- passing electrical signals to distant cells
Secretion- neurotransmitters
What are neurotransmitters?
Chemical messengers in axon terminals.
The three parts of a neuron are?
soma, axon, dendrites
The ________ is the receptive, input region of the neuron.
dentrites
A quick involuntary, stereotyped response to stimulus is called a ____.
reflex
Identify the functions of the spinal cord.
locomotion
cognition
transduction
reflexes
conduction
locomotion
reflexes
conduction
The ______ is a series of fibrous connective tissue membranes covering the CNS.
meninges
Place the reflex arc pathway in order.
integration center
receptor
effector
afferent nerve fiber
efferent nerve fiber
receptor
afferent nerve fiber
integrating center
efferent nerve fiber
effector
The spinal cord begins at the _______ ______.
medullary cone
foramen magnum
foramen magnum
"nerve fiber" refers to the _____ of a neuron.
axon
The ____ matter of the CNS is where the neuron cell bodies, dendrites, and synapses are found.
gray
white
gray
Post-gagnlionic ______ fibers are nerve fibers that innervate skin, skeletal muscles, bones and joints.
somatic
The ________ is a fibrous connective tissue membrane covering the central nervous system.
meninges
Adult humans have ____ pairs of spinal nerves.
31
How many spinal nerves emerge from the lumbar?
8 pairs
5 pairs
12 pairs
5 pairs
How many spinal nerves emerge from the cerical?
8 pairs
5 pairs
12 pairs
8 pairs
How many spinal nerves emerge from the thoracic?
8 pairs
5 pairs
12 pairs
12 pairs
______ matter is myelinated nervous tissue deep to the cortex of the cerebrum and cerebellum.
white
What are the 3 functions of the Nervous System?
Sensory input- monitoring stimuli
Integration- interpretation of sensory input
Motor output- response to stimuli by activation effector organs
Which are cells of the PNS?
Oligodendrocytes
schwann
ependymal cells
microglia
satellite
astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
ependymal cells
microglia
Which are cells of the CNS?
Oligodendrocytes
schwann
ependymal cells
microglia
satellite
astrocytes
Schwann
satellite
The ______ are branched cells that wrap CNS nerve fibers.
astrocytes
oligodendrocytes
schwann cells
oligodendrocytes
The ___________ line the central cavities of the brain and spinal column. Produce CSF and help with the circulation of CSF.
astrocytes
ependymal
microglia
Ependymal cells
The ________are small, ovoid cells with spiny processes that function as Phagocytes that monitor the health of neurons.
microglia
satellite
ependymal
microglia
The _________ are the most abundant, versatile cells, they are the "scaffolding" of the CNS
astrocytes
schwann
microglia
astrocytes
________ cells surround nerve fibers in the PNS.
schwann
satellite
schwann
_______ cells surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia in PNS.
satellite
astrocytes
schwann
satellite
Sensory or ______ trasmit impulses toward the CNS.
afferent
efferent
afferent
Motor or ______ carry impulses away from the CNS.
afferent
efferent
