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photosynthesis
co2+h20--c6 h12 06 + 02
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vascular bundles
bring in water
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mesophyll cells
full of chloroplasts
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chloroplasts
microscopic organelles found in plants
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what proccess occurs in chloroplasts?
photosynthesis?
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what happens in the light dependent reactions?
convert energy to ATP
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what happens in the calvin cycle?
convert c02 to glucose
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what is glucose used for?
energy, starch, cellulose
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photosynthesis and global warming
deforestation and temerature change...less growth when hot
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glucose metabolism
c6 h12 06 02-- c02+h20
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ATP
adenosine triphosphate
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anaerobic
with out oxygen
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where does the respiration take place in the cell?
cytoplasim of cell
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Step 1 glycolysis
aerobic end product, anaerobic end product
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step 2 krebs cycle
carbon dioxide, NADH
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step 3 electron transport chain
NADH , ATP
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which steps take place in mitochondria?
2 and 3
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which step froms the most ATP?
3
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What is the effect of temperature on respiration (glucose metabolism)?
increase rate of reproduction because cellular respiration increases (bark beetle example)
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What happens when neurotransmitters are released?
diffuses across the synaptic cleft
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Where are neurotransmitters released from?
terminal bouton
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neurotransmitters
dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, eninephrine, endorphins
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nicotine
reward/increase heart rate
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zoloft,prozac, anti depressent
happy
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asexual
binary fission-bacteria, budding-hydra
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benifits of asexual
one parent
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benifits of sexual?
two parents
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sexual reproduction
most organisms, male sperm female egg
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hermaphrodites
produce both sperm and egg
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external fertilization
out of body. usual needs water common for fish and amphibians
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internal fertilization
inside body
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prostate and seminal vesicle
makes semen
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is sperm continuosly made?
yes after puberty
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what is the male hormone?
testosterone
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enviornmental tobacco smoke
second hand smoke and exhaled smoke
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large number of chemicals in tobacco smoke
nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide
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why does second hand smoke contain more carbon monoxide?
higher concentrations of toxic chemicals are present
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pathway of air from enviornment to blood in the body
nose/mouth
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what is the function of cilia located in the trachea?
stop lung damage, sweeps away bacteria through saliva
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What effect does smoking have on the cilia?
destroys it
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lungs contain alveoli...they are sacs of what?
air?
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Alveoli
are the sites of gas exchange with blood capillaries
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when the diaphram contracts what happens to the pressure and air movement?
lung expands..negative
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When the disphragm relaxes what happens to pressure and air movement?
push air out of lungs
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What are the characteristics of a health lung?
pink, alveoli makes lungs spongy
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smokers lungs?
large irregular air sacs/shrinking blood sacs
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What happens during emphysema?
damage to lungs and air sacs/harder to breathe
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What is typical survial rate of lung cancer?
42% in one year, 5 years 16%
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blood is comprised of
platelets, plasma, and cells
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cells
red and white cells
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platelets
trigger blood clotting. needs proteins
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hemoglobin binds to what molecule from tobacco smoke?
carbon monoxide
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what is anemia?
lower than normal amount of red blood cells
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ventricles
pump blood AWAY from heart
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which chamber recieves blood?
atria
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which chambers pump out blood?
ventricles
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whch chamber recieves oxygen rich blood?
left atrium
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which chamber recieves oxygen poor blood?
right atrium
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which chamber sends blood to the whole body?
left ventricle
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which chamber sends blood to the lungs?
right ventricle
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arteries
any vessel that carries blood AWAY from heart
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veins
carries blood TOWARD the heart
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capillaries
oxygen exchange in lungs and body. exhange of waste such as carbon dioxide and urea
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How do lungs get rid of carbon dioxide?
breathe
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central nervous system
spinal cord, brain
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peripheral nervouse system
connect to CNS
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sensory
recieve sensory receptors
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integration
transfer and interpret impulses
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control of muscles and glands
impulses/intructions to muscles and glands
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cells of nervous system
neurons and Glia
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Neuron Components- dentrites
branched projections of a neuron
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neuron components- cell body
soma
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N.C- axon
protoplasmic protusions that extrude from the cell body of a neuron
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N.C.-axon terminal
distal terminations
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N.C.- synapse between neurons
permits neurons to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another cell
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what is the input part of a neuron?
dendrites
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what is the output part of a neuron?
axon
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what is action potentials?
short lasting event, electrical membrane potential of cell rapidly rises and falls
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Where does action potentials occur?
excitable cells- neurons
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what happens during ovulation?
release of egg
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when ovulation occurs are estorgen levels high or low?
high
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at what time does ovulation occur?
14 days
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how long does an egg last?
12 hours
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how long does a sperm last?
3-5 days
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epedemic
contangous disease that spreads rapidly
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