-
Albuterol
- Short acting beta 2 agonist
- used for rescue relief
- lasts 3-4 hours
-
Salmeterol
- Long acting beta 2 agonist
- used prophylactically
- lasts over 12 hours
-
Cromolyn
- acts to inhibit Mast Cell production of inflammatory mediators (histamine/leukotrienes)
- can prevent attacks but not revive from them
-
Glucocorticoids
- inhibit synthesis of Arachidonic Acid (precursor for Leukotrienes)
- but also inhibit cyclooxygenase (decreasing mucus secretion)
- inhibit cation transporter: prevents histamine release
-
Zileution
- blocks leukotriene synthesis
- prevents bronchoconstriction and inflamation
-
Zafirlukast
- blocks leukotriene receptor
- prevents bronchoconstriction and inflamation
-
Penicillin G/V
- Target: most Gram + and Gram - cocci
- susceptible to Beta-Lactamase
- Time Dependent
- Bactericidal
-
Naficillin
- an anti-staphylococcal penicillin
- Target: most Gram + and Gram - cocci (same as Pen. G/V)
- resistant to the staphylococcal Beta-Lactamase (except for MRSA)
- Time Dependent
- Bactericidal
-
Amoxicillin
- More active them Penicillin G/V
- Target: most Gram + and Gram - cocci (same as other penicillins)
- Time Dependent
- Bactericidal
-
Piperacillin
- Target: a broader range then other penicillins
- Time Dependent
- Bactericidal
-
Cefazolin
- First Generation
- Target: Gram Positive (other then S. Pneumoniae)
- very active
- susceptible to Beta-Lactamase
- Time Dependent
- Bactericidal
-
Cefuroxime
- Second Generation
- Target: some Gram Positive (including S. Pneumoniae) and respiratory Gram Negative
- "Respiratory Cephalosporins"
- Time Dependent
- Bactericidal
-
Ceftriaxone
- Third Generation
- Target: Gram Negative (other then Enterobacter)
- Can penetrate the BBB
- Time Dependent
- Bactericidal
-
Aztreonam
- Target: narrow spectrum aerobic Gram Negative
- a Beta-Lactam
- may supress Beta-Lactamase
- Time Dependent
- Bactericidal
-
Imipenem
- Target: broad spectrum (Gram Positive and Negative)
- Will increase Beta-Lactamase expression
- used synergistic with aminoglycosides
- Time Dependent
- Bactericidal
-
Vancomycin
- Target: Gram Positive
- administered IV (except for C. difficile)
- Time Dependent
- Bactericidal
-
Erythromycin/ Azithromycin (macrolides)
- Target: Extended Spectrum (both +/-)
- prevent the trans-location of tRNA
- Inhibits the function of a specific P450 (be careful w/ other drugs)
- Bacteriostatic
- Acts just like Clindamycin (don't use together)
-
Clindamycin
- Target: Extended Spectrum (both +/-)
- prevent the trans-location of tRNA
- Inhibits the function of a specific P450 (be careful w/ other drugs)
- Bacteriostatic
- acts just like Erythromycin/ Azithromycin (don't use together)
-
Doxycycline (a tetracycline)
- Target: broad spectrum
- Binds to ribosome to prevent tRNA binding
- Bacteriostatic
- inhibits bone growth and stains teeth
-
Gentamicin (an aminoglycoside)
- Target: aerobic gram negative (gram positive w/ a beta lactam to give access)
- block initiation, translocation and function of ribosomal complex
- Bactericidal
- concentration dependent (side effects are time and concentration dependent)
-
Metronidazole
- Target: broad spectrum (plus some parasites)
- metabolites (created only in targets) create DNA strand breaks
- bactericidal; concentration dependent
- may be carcinogenic
-
Ciprofloxacin
- Target: aerobic gram negative
- binds to and inhibits DNA gyrase
- bactericidal
- damages developing cartilage
-
Levofloxacin
- Target: broad spectrum
- binds to and inhibits DNA gyrase
- bactericidal
- damages developing cartilage
-
Sulfamethoxazole/ Trimethoprin
- Target: broad spectrum
- inhibit (different) steps in folic acid synthesis
- bacteriostatic
-
Rifampin
- Target: broad spectrum
- inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase preventing transcription
- Bactericidal
- inhibits oral contraceptives, hepatotoxic, colors fluids red
-
Isoniazid
- Target: mycobacterium
- inhibits an enzyme needed for mycolic acid synthesis
- prodrug is activated only by mycobacteria
-
Insulin Lispro
- Ultra Short Acting Insulin
- 15-30 min onset
- 1-2 hour max
- 4-6 hour duration
-
Regular Insulin
- Short Acting Insulin
- 30-60 min onset
- 2-3 hour max
- 6-8 hour duration
-
NPH Insulin
- Intermediate Acting Insulin
- 2-4 hour onset
- 4-6 hour max
- 14-18 hour duration
-
Insulin Glargin
- Long Acting Insulin
- delayed onset with a long-term effect (24 hours)
-
Pramlintide
- A synthetic Amylin
- -decreases gastric mobility
- -decreases appetite
- -lowers glucagon secretion
-
Metformin
- Increases the hepatic response to insulin
- the first choice drug to increase insulin response
- cannot produce hypoglycemia
-
Rosiglitazone/Pioglitazone
- Promotes insulin induced glucose uptake
- often used with meformin
- produces edema (not safe for bad heart)
- doesn't produce hypoglycemia
-
Glimepiride
- increases insulin secretion (used for type 2 w/ decreased insulin production)
- a sulfonylurea (sufa drug)--> sulfa allergy
- chronic use will develop a tolerance
- may produce hypoglycemia (via insulin)
-
Repaglinide
- increases insulin secretion (used for type 2 w/ decreased insulin production)
- shorter duration and faster onset then Glimepiride
- taken before meals
- used primarily when Glimepiride is not effective
- may produce hypoglycemia (via insulin)
-
Exanatide
- increases insulin secretion and liver response (a drop in glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis)
- an incretin mimetic
- must be injected
- may produce hypoglycemia (via insulin)
-
Sitagliptin
- increases insulin secretion and liver response (a drop in glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis)
- increases incretin levels by preventing breakdown (inhibits DPP-4)
- may be taken orally
- may produce hypoglycemia (via insulin)
-
Acarbose
- prevents oligosaccharide breakdown in GI by inhibiting intestinal enzyme
- less carbohydrates entering body --> lower systemic glucose
- produces gas
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