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A form of communication, whether spoken, written or signed that is based on a system of symbols.
Language
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The ability to produce an endless number of meaningful sentences using a finite set of words and rules.
Infinite generativity
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The sound system of a language, which includes the sounds used and rules about how they may be combined.
Phonology
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The rule system that governs how words are formed in language
Morphology
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The ways words are combined to form acceptable phrases and sentences
Syntax
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The meaning of words and sentences
Semantics
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The appropriate use of language in different contexts
Pragmatics
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The use of short, precise words without grammatical markers such as articles, auxiliary verbs, and other connectives.
Telegraphic speech
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A process that helps explain how young children learn the connection between a word and its referent so quickly
Fast mapping
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Knowledge about language
Metalinguistic awareness
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An approach that emphasizes that reading instruction should focus on phonics and its basic rules for translating written symbols into sounds
Phonics approach
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An approach that stresses that reading instruction should parallel children's natural language learning. Reading materials should be whole and meaningful.
Whole-language approach
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An implied comparison between two unlike things
Metaphor
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The use of irony, derision, or wit to expose folly or wickedness.
Satire
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A variety of language that is distinguished by its vocabulary, grammar, or pronunciation.
Dialect
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An area of the brain's left frontal lobe that is involved in speech production and grammatical processing
Broca's area
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An area of hte brain's left hemisphere that is involved in language comprehension
Wernicke's area
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A disorder resulting from brain damage to Brica's area or WErnicke's area that involves a loss or impairment of the ability to use or comprehend words.
Aphasia
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Chomsky's term that describes a biological endowment that enables the child to detect the features and rules of language, including phonology, syntac, and semantics.
Language acquisition device
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Language spoken in a higher pitch than normal, with simple words and sentences
Child-directed speech
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Rephrasing a statement that a child has said, perhaps turning it into a question, or restating the child's immature utterance in the form of a fully grammatical utterance.
Recasting
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Restating, in a linguistically sophisticated form, what a child has said.
Expanding
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Identifying the names of objects
Labeling
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