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Abortion
Premature expulsion from the uterus of the products of conception; termination of pregnancy before fetus is viable
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Bile
a yellow-green fluid produced by the liver. It is concentrated and stored in the gallbladder, and is pulled into the small intestine via the bile ducts when needed for digestion. It is important in the digestion and breakdown of fat
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Brachycephalic
Having a wide head and a short and blunted nose.
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What are a few breeds considered brachycepalic?
- Boston terrier
- Bulldog
- Pekingese
- Pug
- Shih Tzu
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Diarrhea
Rapid movement of fecal matter through the intestine resulting in poor absorption of water, nutritive elements and electrolytes, and producing abnormally frequent evacuation of watery droppings.
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Dysplasia
An abnormality of development; in pathology an alteration in size, shape, and organization of adult cells
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Euthanasia
- A peaceful or painless death
- The deliberate ending of life of a suffering animal
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Golden Retriever
Sporting
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German Shorthaired Pointer
Sporting
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Labrador Retreiver
Sporting
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Old English Bulldog
Non-Sporting
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Boston Terrier
Non-Sporting
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Old English Sheepdog
Shepherd
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Australian Shepherd
Shepherd
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Doberman Pinscher
Working
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Highland White Terrier
Terrier
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Staffordshire Terrier
Terrier
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British Shorthair
Short-Haired Cat
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American Shorthair
Short-Haired Cat
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Maine Coon
Semi-Long-Haired Cat
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Birman
Semi-Long-Haired Cat
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Russian Blue
Long-Haired Cat
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Himalayan
Long-Haired Cat
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Tennessee Walker
Horse Breed
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Shetland Pony
Horse Breed
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Pinto
Horse Color - Contains large portions of white (splotchy)
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Paint
Horse Color -broad spotching
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Palomino
Horse Color - golden color, white tail and mane
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Bay
Horse Color - black mane, tail, and stockings
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Dun
Horse Color - Yellow/Gold body, Black/Brown/Red Mane and tail. *Has a dorsal stripe* Is a color and a breed
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Appaloosa
Horse Color - Has a 'butt blanket' a large patch on the rump
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Sorrel
Horse Color - Red with mane and tale of the same color. Redder than chestnut.
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Chestnut
Horse Color - Mane, body, and tail are the same color
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Buckskin
Horse Color - Yellowish/Gold body, Black mane and tail
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Holstein
- Dairy Cow
- Largest of the dairy breeds (B 2200, C 1500)
- Black and White
- 90% of dairy cattle in U.S.
- 1st in milk production
- 5th in butterfat content (3%)
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Jersey
- Dairy Cow
- Smallest (B 1600, C1000)
- Cream to light fawn with black muzzle
- Switch and dongue may be black or white
- 5th in milk production
- 1st in butterfat (5%)
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Guernsey
- Dairy Cow
- Smaller than others (B 1800, C 1100)
- Fawn with white markings
- Skin is yellow, milk is golden!
- 4th in milk production
- 2nd in butterfat (5%)
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Ayrshire
- Dairy Cow
- (B 1700, C 1200)
- Cherry Red to Mahagony, brown, or white -
- Colors must be clearly defined
- 3rd in milk production
- Milk fat (4%)
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Brown Swiss
- Dairy Cow
- Large Frame (B 2000, C 1500)
- Solid brown with black nose and tongue
- Long lived and have high heat tolerance
- 2nd in milk production
- 3rd in milk fat (4.1%)
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Charlolais
- Dairy Cow - per book
- Size (B 2400, C 2200)
- Usually all white
- Notes and internet says it's a meat cow
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Hereford
- Beef Cow
- Red body, white face, belly, legs, and switch
- Naturally horned and unhorned
- superior foragers, very hearty breed
- produce mor ecalves under adverse conditions
- more prone to cancer and pink eye
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Longhorn
- Beef cow
- Can be many colors
- Horns are curved upward adn spread 4 ft or more
- Slow maturing, high fertility
- Resistant to disease, parasites, and harch environments
- Need a special squeeze chute
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Angus
- Beef Cow
- Solid Black with smooth haircut
- Good carcass with high degree of marbling
- Tempermental
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Brahman
- Beef Cow
- Bos Indicus
- LIght Grey to red or black
- Very heat tolerant, resistant to insects, disease, and parasites
- Used mainly in cross breeding
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Beefmaster
- Dairy and Beef cow
- Cross of the Hereford, Shorthorn, and Brahman
- Developed in Texas on the Lasater Ranch in 1908
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Shorthorn
- Dairy Beef Cow
- Colors are Red, White, or Roan
- Adaptable to many climates
- There is also a polled variety
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An amphibian species that comes in many sizes and colors depending on variety
Frog
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Rodents which are closely related to guinea pigs, with compact bodies, bushy tails, large eyes and ears, and long whiskers. Usually gray, but other colors have been developed by breeders.
Chinchillas
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Rodents with large black or brown eyes and tails covered in hair. They come in a variety of colors, haveing long back legs, and are very fast runners.
Gerbils
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Small, 4.5 inch birds with short, red bills. Males are chestnut in color with breasts that are black with white stripes
Finches
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Reptiles, some species of which may produce poisonous bites by injecting venom.
snakes
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small mammals (usually six inches and one pound) with long snouts and short ears and legs. They have spines along the back.
Hedgehogs
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The most popular of caged birds. Only slight differences in coloration between male and female. May live 15-20 years with good care.
Parakeets
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Rodents with long, pointed noises, round ears, plump bodies, and long tapering tails. Average weight fo rmales is 450-520 g; for females it is 250-300 g.
Rats
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Mammals with oval-shapred heads and 40 teeth, short necks, and long bodies, related to otters, skunks, and weasels.
Ferrets
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Smalll birds, very popular with owners. Approximately 5.5 inches long and known for their singing, which is only done by the males.
Canaries
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Common pets in th rodent family. Average adult weight is 85-150 g. Very short tails and cheek pouches.
Gerbils
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Very large birds (up to 36 inches) with a long, pointed tails accounting for up to half the bird's total length. Available in hyacinthine, blue and gold, scarlet and military species.
Macaws
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shelled reptiles represented by numerous species. Some of which are aquatic whiles others are adapted to the land. Some are endangered species and illegal as pets. The box variety is the most common pet form.
Turtles
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Mammals characterized by soft fur and prominent ears. Usually walk by hopping, but are capable of fast bursts of speed when chased.
Rabbits
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Medium sized birds (typically 15 inches) with relatively long life spans. Males adn females are identical in appearance. Usually green with yellow on the head. Short, multi-colored tail. Known for its ability to mime.
Parrots
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Small rodents that are popular as pets. Tails have fewer scales than those of rats. Average adult weight is 20-40 g,
Mice
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Large lizards which are popular as pets. Color changes from bright green to gray-green with maturity. May be six feet long as adults, with the tail accounting for more than half this legnth. Tail is used for defense.
Iguanas
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Popular household birds. Medium in size, measuring about 12 inches long. Has a long tail and pointed crest on its head. Usually light gray in color. Males have yellow faces and orange cheeks; females have a touch of color on the face and cheeks are duller that the male's.
Cockatiels
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Relatively large for a mammalian pet, these recently popular animals are closely rleated to larger varieties of th esame species which are raised as food animals. May weigh 35-100 pounds. Hair color may be black, white, or black with white patches
pot-bellied pig
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Frequent movie stars, these birds are medium in size, 17-18 inches in legnth. Usually white or very light pastel colors. Some species, though, may be black. Short tails and large crests.
Cockatoos
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Rodents with broad heads and round hindquarters. Average length is 10 inches. Short legs, four toes on front feet, three toes on back feet. No visibale tail.
Guinea Pigs
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Control the head first by grasping the subject at the base of the head. It may help to use a blexiglas tube to accomplish this task safely.
Snakes
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Never lift this subject by the hind legs
Pot-Bellied Pigs
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These animals can be picked up safely by either cuppign your hadns around themo or by scooping them into a paper cup.
Hamsters
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To restrain this animal, grab it by the base of the tail and allow it to stand on your other palm. They may beheld, but not lifted, by the scruff.
Gerbils
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Watch out for the beak! Turn out the lights and reach into the cage to get your index finger and your middle finger on either side of the subject's neck.
Passerines
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When carrying this animal, you can scruff it at the back of the neck, but be sure to support its hindquarters with your other hand.
Rabbits
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Remove this animal sfrom its cage by grasping the base of its tail and lifting it onto the exam table. For restrait, grasp the subject around the rib cage, just under the forelimbs, but do not squeeze.
Rats
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Handling and restraining this class of animals requires that you understand the different species that may frequent your clinic because different species require differernt techniques. For some you should have damp hands.
Frogs
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Minimal restraint should be used with these animals. Remember, however, they are very fast and can twist and maneuver easily -- and they have very sharp teeth.
Ferrets
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With these patients, you must avoid the beaks and the claes. Never wear cloves as they make it difficult for you to feel the pressure you are applying.
Psittacines
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Never pick these animals up by the tip of the tail, because the skin of the tail can be easily pulled off.
Mice
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Get hit by this animal's tail and you will surely have a whelp or bruise.
Iguana
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These animals tend to be very docile. Grasp their bodies with one hand and support the hindquarters with the other.
Guinea Pigs
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If frightened, this animal may just curl up inot a prickly little ball
Hedgehogs
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You can do harm if you try to hold htis animal by the middle or tip of its tail. Instead, using one hand, grasp the base of the tail and crook your figers around to control the hind legs. Then place the other hand over its back to add control.
Chinchilla
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These critters are easy to handle safely. Just be aware that some do bite. So use towels to cover the head, then grasp the subject by its hind legs or tail.
Turtles
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Make sure you wash your hands before handling this animal; they may still smell of the mouse you held earlier. This animal may then mistake your hands or fingers for its lunch.
Snakes
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When restraining this animal, always have one hadn holding it under the thorax while the other hand is supporting its tail.
Iguana
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These animals are often obese with very short necks, so there is hardly a good place to grasp them. Use a towl or a leash and harness to restrain them. Look out for the bite.
Prairie Dogs
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Put this animal on top of its cage or other wire mesh surface. Gently pull its tail and it will grasp at the mesh. You can then easily grasp it by the scruff of the neck.
Mice
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To safely handle this animal, dim the lights in the room and place a towl over its head. Wrap another towel around its body and hold it close to your body to limit its freedom of movement.
Psittacines
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These animals are very senstive and easily frightened. they may try to escape by kicking out with their back feet, and this can cause them injury.
Rabbits
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Not only may these animals give you a painful or even poisonous bite, they sometimes carry salmonella. Handle with care.
Snakes
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These animals can be held by thier scruff, but should not be carried by it. Apply additional restraint by encircling its thorax area with your thumb and forefinger.
Gerbils
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The skins on this animal is extremely delicate. Certainly with some species, you shoul davoid touching the skin if all possible. Even minor handling can do major damage.
Frogs
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Anothe rrestaining method with this animal is to hold it in a baseball grip over the top of its pectoral and pelvic region. Use your elbow to support its tail.
Iguana
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These little animals are prone to seizures. So, avoid sudden movements or loud noises. Excessive stimulation can cause a seizure to occur.
Gerbils.
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Rabbit life span
5-10 years
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Pot-bellied Pigs life span
15-25 years
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Hedgehog lifespan
8-10 years
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Chinchillas life span
20 years
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Rat life span
1-3.5 years
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Gerbils life span
2-5 years
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Hamster life span
2-3 years
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Guinea Pigs life span
4-8 years
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Prairie Dogs life span
10 years
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Passerine physical characteristics
- Straight beaks
- Foot: three toes on front, one on back
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Psittacine physical characteristics
- Curved beaks
- Foot: two toes on front, two on back
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Canaries
(which bird order?)
Passerine
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Finches
(which bird order?)
Passerine
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Parakeets
(which bird order?)
Psittacine
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Parrots
(which bird order?)
Psittacine
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Cockatoos
(which bird order?)
Psittacine
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Cockatiels
(which bird order?)
Psittacine
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Macaws
(which bird order?)
Psittacine
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Heifer
young female cow that has never had a calf
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Bull
uncastrated adult male cow
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Gestation time of Cattle
276 to 283 days
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Cows that originate from India
Bos Indicus
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Bos Indicus Characteristics
- Heat tolerant
- Resistant to ticks
- Often used to cross breed for their meat heartiness
- Large hump on back
- Long dewlap
- Pendulous prepuce
- Droopy ears
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Cows that orginate from Europe
Bos Taurus
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Bos Taurus Characteristics
- No pedulous dewlap or prepuce
- Most are dairy breeds
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This cow is bos ___________.
bos Indicus
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This cow is bos ___________.
bos Taurus
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Beefmaster - Beef and Milk Cows
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Shorthorn - Beef and Milk Cows
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Horse color - Bay
Black mane, tail, and stockings
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Horse color - black
Black everything
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Horse color - Blue Roan
Mixture of black hair and white on grey body. Usually darker on head and sock area.
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Horse color - Brown
- Black mane and tail, brown or black body.
- Light areas at the muzzle, eyes, flank, and inside legs.
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Horse color - Buckskin
Yellowish/Gold body, Black mane and tail
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Horse color - Chestnut
Mane, body, and tail are same color
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Horse color - Palomino
Golden Yellow body, White tail and mane
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Horse color - Dun
- Yellow/Gold body, Black, brown, or red mane and tail.
- Dorsal Stripe: Zebra-like stripe on dorsal and legs.
- Is both a color and a breed
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Horse Color - Sorrell
Red mane, tail and body. Redder than the chestnut
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Breed
Arabian
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Breed
American Quarter Horse
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Breed
Thoroughbred
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Breed
Clydesdale
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Breed
Tennessee Walker
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Breed
Morgan
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Breed
Shetland Pony
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Breed
Miniature Horse
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Breed
Appaloosa
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Ponies
Under 14.2 hands, 500-900 pounds
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Stallion
Uncastrated Male horse, 4+ years
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Filly
Weaned female horse up to 3 years old
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Yearling
Horse between 1-2 years old
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Estrus time frame
The horse is in heat 3-7 days
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Gestation of a horse
335 days
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