Good nutrition before and during pregnancy helps prevent neonatal problems, such as ...
low birth weight and prematurity.
T/F: During pregnancy, physiologic changes influence the need for additional nutrients.
TRUE
Nutritional risk factors include:
Adolescent pregnancy
Multifetal pregnancy
Frequent pregnancies
Previous poor fetal outcome
Poverty
Nicotine use
Alcohol or drug use
Poor diet habits
Problems with weight gain, and weight loss.
By A-weeks of gestation, the pregnant woman should start taking B. Depending on nutritional risk factors, a woman may need other supplements.
A) 12
B) 30 mg of ferrous iron daily
The only nutrition-related laboratory test most women need is ...
hematocrit or hemoglobin measurement to screen for anemia.
BMI
Very Obese - from 35 And Above
Obese - from 30 to 34.9
Overweight - from 25 to 29.9
Normal - from 18.5 to 24.9
Underweight - from 16 to 18.4
Very Underweight - from 15 and below
A pregnant woman with a body mass index (BMI) of 22 asks the nurse how much weight she should be gaining during pregnancy. The nurse's best response would be to tell the woman that her pattern of weight gain should be approximately:
C. 2 to 5 pounds during the first trimester, then a pound each week until the end of pregnancy.
A BMI of 22 represents a normal weight. Therefore, a total weight gain for pregnancy would be about 25 to 35 pounds or about 2 to 5 pounds in the first trimester and about 1 pound per week during the second and third trimesters.
A pregnant woman at 7 weeks of gestation complains to her nurse midwife about frequent episodes of nausea during the day with occasional vomiting. She asks what she can do to feel better. The nurse midwife could suggest that the woman:
B. Eat a high-protein snack before going to bed.
a bedtime snack of slowly digested protein is especially important to prevent the occurrence of hypoglycemia during the night that would contribute to nausea.
T/F: A pregnant woman at 7 weeks of gestation complains to her nurse midwife about frequent episodes of nausea during the day with occasional vomiting. She asks what she can do to feel better. The nurse midwife could suggest that the woman: Drink warm fluids with each of her meals.
F: Fluids should be taken between (not with) meals to provide for maximum nutrient uptake in the small intestine
T/F: A pregnant woman at 7 weeks of gestation complains to her nurse midwife about frequent episodes of nausea during the day with occasional vomiting. She asks what she can do to feel better. The nurse midwife could suggest that the woman: Keep crackers and peanut butter at her bedside to eat in the morning before getting out of bed.
F: Dry carbohydrates such as plain toast or crackers are recommended before getting out of bed. Adding peanut butter would not be helpful.
T/F: A pregnant woman at 7 weeks of gestation complains to her nurse midwife about frequent episodes of nausea during the day with occasional vomiting. She asks what she can do to feel better. The nurse midwife could suggest that the woman: Schedule three meals and one mid-afternoon snack a day.
F: Eating small, frequent meals (about five or six each day) with snacks helps to avoid a distended or empty stomach, both of which contribute to the development of nausea and vomiting.
A pregnant woman’s diet consists almost entirely of whole grain breads and cereals, fruits, and vegetables. The nurse would be most concerned about this woman’s intake of:
C. Vitamin B12.
This diet is consistent with that followed by a strict vegetarian (vegan). Vegans consume only plant products. Because vitamin B12 is found in foods of animal origin, this diet is deficient in vitamin B12.
A pregnant woman reports that she is still playing tennis at 32 weeks of gestation. The nurse would be most concerned that during and after tennis matches this woman consumes:
A. Several glasses of fluid.
If no medical or obstetric problems contraindicate physical activity, pregnant women should get 30 minutes of moderate physical exercise daily. Liberal amounts of fluid should be consumed before, during, and after exercise, because dehydration can trigger premature labor.
Women with an inadequate weight gain during pregnancy are at higher risk of giving birth to an infant with:
A. Intrauterine growth restriction.
Both normal-weight and underweight women with inadequate weight gain have an increased risk of giving birth to an infant with intrauterine growth restriction.
T/F: Women with an inadequate weight gain during pregnancy are at higher risk of giving birth to an infant with: Spina bifida.
F: Spina bifida is not associated with inadequate maternal weight gain.
Which minerals and vitamins usually are recommended to supplement a pregnant woman’s diet?
B. Iron and folate
Iron generally should be supplemented during pregnancy, and folic acid supplements often are needed because folate is so important to the growing fetus.
T/F: Which minerals and vitamins usually are recommended to supplement a pregnant woman’s diet? Fat-soluble vitamins A and D
F: Fat-soluble vitamins should be supplemented as a medical prescription, because vitamin D might be needed for lactose-intolerant women.
T/F: Which minerals and vitamins usually are recommended to supplement a pregnant woman’s diet? Water-soluble vitamins C and B6
F: Water-soluble vitamin C sometimes is consumed in excess naturally; vitamin B6 is prescribed only if the woman has a very poor diet.
T/F: Which minerals and vitamins usually are recommended to supplement a pregnant woman’s diet? Calcium and zinc
F: Zinc is sometimes supplemented during pregnancy. Most women get enough calcium.
With regard to nutritional needs during lactation, a maternity nurse should be aware that:
D. Caffeine consumed by the mother accumulates in the infant, who therefore may be unusually active and wakeful.
T/F: With regard to nutritional needs during lactation, a maternity nurse should be aware that: The mother’s intake of vitamin C, zinc, and protein can be lower than during pregnancy.
F: Vitamin C, zinc, and protein levels need to be moderately higher during lactation than during pregnancy
T/F: With regard to nutritional needs during lactation, a maternity nurse should be aware that: Critical iron and folic acid levels, higher than during pregnancy, must be maintained to ensure the health of the infant.
F: The recommendations for iron and folic acid are somewhat lower during lactation.
With regard to nutritional needs during lactation, a maternity nurse should be aware that: Lactating women can go back to their prepregnant calorie intake.
F: Lactating women should consume about 500 kcal more than their prepregnancy intake, at least 1800 kcal daily overall.
When counseling a patient about getting enough iron in her diet, the maternity nurse should tell her that:
D. Constipation is common with iron supplements.
T/F: When counseling a patient about getting enough iron in her diet, the maternity nurse should tell her that: Milk, coffee, and tea aid iron absorption if consumed at the same time as iron.
F: The beverages listed inhibit iron absorption when consumed at the same time as iron.
T/F: When counseling a patient about getting enough iron in her diet, the maternity nurse should tell her that: Iron absorption is inhibited by a diet rich in vitamin C.
F: Vitamin C promotes iron absorption.
T/F: When counseling a patient about getting enough iron in her diet, the maternity nurse should tell her that: Iron supplements are permissible for children in small doses.
F: Children who ingest iron can get very sick and even die.
After you complete your nutritional counseling for a pregnant woman, you ask her to repeat your instructions so you can assess her understanding of the instructions given. Which statement indicates that she understands the role of protein in her pregnancy?
C. “Protein will help my baby grow.”
T/F: After you complete your nutritional counseling for a pregnant woman, you ask her to repeat your instructions so you can assess her understanding of the instructions given. Which statement indicates that she understands the role of protein in her pregnancy? "Eating protein will prevent me from becoming anemic.”
F: Iron intake prevents anemia.
T/F: After you complete your nutritional counseling for a pregnant woman, you ask her to repeat your instructions so you can assess her understanding of the instructions given. Which statement indicates that she understands the role of protein in her pregnancy? “Eating protein will make my baby have strong teeth after he is born.”
F: Calcium intake is needed for fetal bone and tooth development.
T/F: After you complete your nutritional counseling for a pregnant woman, you ask her to repeat your instructions so you can assess her understanding of the instructions given. Which statement indicates that she understands the role of protein in her pregnancy? “Eating protein will prevent me from being diabetic.”
F: Glycemic control is needed in diabetics; protein is one nutritional factor to consider, but this is not the primary role of protein intake.
Obstetricians today are seeing more morbidly obese pregnant women (those that weigh 400 pounds or greater). A new medical subspecialty referred to as "A" obstetrics has subsequently arisen.
A) bariatric
lactose intolerance
inherited absense of enzyme lactace
physiologic anemia
Relative excess of plasma leading to a decrease in hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit; normal adaptation during pregnancy
pica
Unusual oral craving during pregnancy, e.g. laundry starcg, red clay, dirt
