SUR 104 - Ortho

fusion of a joint

disruption of the blood supply to a bone that causes death and irreversible decay of the osseous bone

cast cut into 2 parts - front and back - for removal and reapplication

adverse physiologic response of patient to placement of bone cement in the medullary canal

swelling between layers of fascia that causes damage to tissue

generating heat

evacuation of blood from a limb before inflating a tourniquet to create bloodless field

emergency procedure to release pressure on region of compartment syndrome

basophilic cells that synthesize collagen and glycoprotein to form bone matrix

cells in the bone that influence growth and regeneration by breakdown and resorption of existing cellular material

bone infection

healing process of a bone

failure of bone to align and heal

how many bones does the human skeleton have?

what does axial skeleton consist of?

what does appendicular skeleton consist of?

how many bones does each upper extremity consist of?

how many bones does each lower extremity consist of?

bone classifications

examples of long bones

end of a long bone

shaft of a long bone

examples of short bones

examples of flat bones

examples of irregular bones

outer layer of bone

description of cortex

where is red marrow found?

what is red marrow responsible for?

where is yellow marrow found?

strong, fibrous membrane that covers bone except at joints

lengthwise, lamellar structures that provide weightbearing strength and passage for additional blood supply

how does blood supply enter bones?

what is inner aspect of the bone lined with?

steps of bone healing

how soon after injury is a callus visible on radiograph?

how soon after injury is connective tissue completely calcified?

how soon can complete remodeling take to complete?

smooth, relatively firm, compressive connective tissue, cusions most articular surfaces at the ends of bones

from what does cartilage derive its nutrition?

what does synovial fluid contain that keep the joint free of debris and bacteria?

examples of ball-and-socket joints

examples of hinged joints

examples of condyloid joint

examples of saddle joint

bands of flexible, tough fibrous tissue that join the articular surfaces of bones and cartilage

classifications of muscles

largest category of muscle tissue

bands of extremely strong, flexible fibrous tissue that attach muscle bundles to the periosteum of bones

infection in bone

what may acute osteomyelitis cause?

what may chronic osteomyelitis cause?

what is chronic osteomyelitis often associated with?

what types of protective attire is needed for orthopedic surgery?

semi-sharp instruments used to strip periosteum from bone without destroying its ability to regenerate new bone

clamps needed to hold smaller bones or grasp a joint capsule

how are power-driven instruments powered?

which way is reciprocating movement of power cutting instrument

which way is oscillating movement of power cutting instrument?

instruments used for insertion or extraction of metallic implants versus actual implants

what types of bone grafts are obtained from iliac crest?

what types of bone grafts are obtained from fibula?

how long after procurement of bone graft must a living donor be retested for HIV?

devices used to stabilize or immobilize bone

used to permanently replace bone, joints or tendons

what are prosthetic implants made of?

what is used to reinforce fixation or increase the strength of implant?

should implants such as plates and screws be flash-sterilized?

what method is used to sterilize implants?

how should a metal implant be handled when removing from the package?

what device or prosthesis specifics must be recorded in the patient's intraoperative record?

vaporizes methyl methacrylate to remove cemented joint implant during revision arthroplasty

laser used primarily in knee, ankle, shoulder, and elbow - all joints except spine

how does Holmium:YAG laser work?

laser used primarily in arthroscopy of the knee and shoulder joints on articular cartilage

how does neodymium:YAG laser work?

used for hemostasis on cut bone

how is bone wax softened for use?

used to identify neural tissue during a partial nerve resection to control spastic muscles

what type of materials are used to suture ligaments, tendons and muscles involved in movement of bony skeleton?

what type of suture is preferred to suture periosteum?

table used for many surgical procedures requiring traction, x-ray image intensification, and/or cast application

when is the patient anesthetized in regards to the fracture table?

preparations for lifting patient from transport cart to fracture table

amount of blood loss when suction and autotransfusion is performed

signs and symptoms of neurovascular impairment in extremity

fracture that runs across bone

fracture that runs in slanting direction across bone

fracture that coils around bone

fracture that protrudes through skin

who assumes responsibility for supporting the fracture site during transfer of the patient from one bed surface to another?

3 distinct phases of fracture treatment

methods of treating fractures

pulling force exerted to maintain proper alignment or position

force applied directly on the bone after insertion of pins, wires, or tongs placed through or into the bone

traction is applied by means of?

two or more pins or screws, parallel to each other, inserted into cortex of each fragmented bone section, and connected to metal bar

external fixation frame with more than 120 interchangeable components, forming a framing system (weighs about 8 pounds)

anesthesia given for ORIF

fracture of radial bone in the wrist

slotted plate that permits muscle tone of extremity to keep ends of fragments pressed closely together

plate fitted to contour of the bone