TJED

• B. 356 D. 323 BC
• Ruer of Greece 4th centry BC
• conquered most of ancient world Ionian Sea to Himalayas
• tutored by Aristotle until 16
• Measured against which military leaders compared selves

• Ruler of Huns 434-453
• Empire Ural River to Rhine River
• Danube to Baltic Sea
• Forces overran many parts of central and eastern Europe
• Know for cruelty and destruction

• B. 63 BC D. 14 AD
• First Emperor of Roam (27 BC to 14 AD)
• Adoped son of Julius Caesar
• Pax Romana
• During reign, considered golden age for literature
• -Jesus
• -August

• Native american people
• Ruled Mexico and surrounding area 12th - 15th
• Spanish conquered 16 cent

• City in ancient Mesopotamia
• founded 1894 BC
• hanging gardens

• English politician, scientist, and author of the late 16 early 17 centuries
• established the baconian method (aka) scientific method
• died pneumonia studying frozen meat

• pandemic in europe 1348 - 1350
• form of bubonic plague of modern times
• transported by black rats on trade ships from China
• killed 75-100 million people

• B. 1501 (?) D. 1536
• Queen of Englad 1533 - 1536
• Second wife Henry VIII
• Mother Queen Elizabeth
• Convicted of adultry and beheaded

 the creation of public approval through diversion, distraction, and/or the mere satisfaction of the immediate, shallow requirements of a populace

erosion or ignorance of civic duty

modern - no longer value civic virtues

• period from 4000 - onset of Iron Age approx (1200-300BC)
• people learned to make bronze tools

• Empire centered on Constantinople
• eastern portion of Roman Empire (parts of europe and asia)
• Became important at decline of Western empire
• conquered by Turkish in 15th century
• Absolute ruler
• supported by Christian Church - Eastern Orthodox

• Family name of Julius Caesar and next 11 rulers
• Germany and Russian adapted name to Kaiser and Czar

• aka Gaius
• Emporer 37 - 41 AD
• Name means little soldier's boot
• Cruel and insane ruler
• humiliate the senators he appointed horse to senate
• first Roman emperor to be assassinated

• Anciet city in N. Africa established by traders from Phoenicia
• commercial and political rival of Rome (2-3 cent)
• Hannibal (general) attempted to conquer Rome -Spain
• defeated in Carthage at end of Punic Wars
• Dido (lover of Aeneas) queen of Carthage

• Politician of ancient Rome
• insisted Carthage was Rome's permanent enemy
• "Carthage must be destroyed"

• 1st emperor of Holy Roman Empire
• Name means "Charles the Great"
• King of France 768 - 814
• called Father of Europe - untied most of Western Europe since Roman Empire

• methods of training and standards of heahvior for knights
• emphasized bravery, military skill, generosity in victory, piety and courtesy to women.

• Queen of Egypt 51 - 30 BC
• member of Ptolemaic dynasty /ruled Egypt after Alexander
• Ptolemaic dynasty only spoke Greek/ refused to speak Egyptian - Rosetta Stone
• Cleopatra learned Egyption - represented self as reincarnation of Egyptian goddess Isis
• Ruled with father (II) then with brothers (III & IV)
• Married Marc Antony
• Had three children
• Committed Suicide by asp bite

• Italian explorer discovered America 1492
• Salid from Spain under patronage of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
• Nina, Pinta and Santa Maria
• Made 4 voyages to New World visiting:
• Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, Trinidad, Venezuela, and Cent. America coast

• City founded by emperor Constantine as capitol
• Constantine ruled over both parts of empire from Constantinople
• Later capital of Byzatine Empire
• Conquered by Turks in 15th century
• Istandbul

• Polish scholar of 16th century
• argued that earth moves around the sun

• series of wars 11-13th centuries
• European kings and warriors set out to gain controol of Holy Land
• at time, areas held by Moslems
• Crusaders conquered Jerusalem in 1099
• failed to secure and were driven out by late 13th century
• exposed Europeans to Asian goods, technology and customs

• term sometimes applied to early Middle ages
• first few centruries after the Fall of Rome
• suggest prevailing ignorance and barbarism

• Collape of the Roman Empire 476
• Romulus Augustus (last roman emperor) deposed by Odoacer
• Rome plundered by Vandals

• system of obligations that bound loards and their subjects in Europe during much of the middle ages
• King owned land
• gave it to leading nobles in return for their loyalty and military service
• Nobles held land that peasants and serfs worked for food and paid with part of produce
• born into permanent position in society

• Mongolian emperor and general of late 12 early 13th century
• united many nomadic tribes
• known for military leadership and great cruelty
• conquered vast portions of N. China and sw asia

• organizations of artisans
• middle ages
• sought regulation of price and quality
• weaving/ iron work
• gave way to trade unions in 18th centry
• members were self employed unlike those in trade unions

• German printer 15th century
• invented printing press
• invented movable type - reuseable after page printed
• Gutenberg Bible first book printed from moveable type

• 6th king of Babylon
• B. 1792 D. 1750
• King of ancient Mesopotamia
• putting laws into a formal code
• all had to abide by the code

• General from Carthage
• during second Punic wars - to Army with elephants from Spain over Alps to conquer Rome
• troop movemet considered one of the greatest in history
• Many great victories, never took Rome

• Battle in SE England in 1066
• Invaders from the French province of Normandy, led by William the COnqueror, defeated English forces under King Harold
• William declared himself king, thus bringing about the Norman Conquest of England

• King of England 1509 - 1547
• Born 1491
• Established self as head of Christian Church in England after Pope refused to allow marriage with Catherine of Aragon to be dissolved.
• Since then (except for rule by Mary I) Englad has been protestant nation
• Know for being overweight, marrying 6 times
• Catherine of Aragon - divorced - Mary
• Anne - beheaded - Elizabeth
• Jane Seymour - died after birth of son
• Anne of Cleves - divorced
• Catherine Howard - beheaded
• Catherine Parr - survived him
• Had close friend Thomas More executed because he would not support Henry's declaration othat he was head of the church in England
• Fathered Edward VI, Elizabeth I and Mary I

• War between France and England that lasted from 1337 - 1453 for control of the French throne
• Joan of Arc helped rally the French who finally drove out the English