The earliest biochemical marker for pregnancy is ___
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).
[6]
Pregnancy testsr ecognize ___ or a subunit of it
hCG - human chorionic gonadotropine
___ testing is the basis for most over-the-counter home pregnancy tests.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
[6]
Signs and symptoms of pregnancy are categorized as A, B, and C.
A) presumptive (those experienced by the woman)
B) probable (those observed by an examiner)
C) positive (those attributable only to a fetus).
GTPAL
G-Gestations
T-Term, 36 7/7 done
P-w20 completed through 36 7/7
A-misscarriage or elective termination, NOT stillbirth.
L-living children
[6]
G/P
G-pregnancies including the current one
P-those that have reached 20 or more weeks
Presumptive signs of pregnancy (by mother-to-be)
Morning sickness
quickening
amenorrhea
breast tenderness
nausea, vomiting
urinary frequency
[6]
Which hematocrit (Hct) and hemoglobin (Hgb) results represent(s) the lowest acceptable values for a woman in the third trimester of pregnancy?
A. 33% Hct; 11 g/dl Hgb
This is at sea level. Women living in Denver for example would required higher levels
Normal is 12-16g/dL and 37%-47%
During a woman’s physical examination, the nurse notes that the lower uterine segment is soft on palpation. The nurse would document this finding as:
C. Hegar’s sign.
~6 weeks
[6]
A softening of the cervical tip may be observed at approximaly the beginning of the 6th week in a normal unscarred cervix. The nurse would document this finding as:
C. Goodell’s sign.
[6]
A violet-bluish color of the vaginal mucosa and cervix as early as the 6th week, but easily seen at the 8th week. The nurse would document this finding as:
B. Chadwick’s sign.
[6]
A number of changes in the integumentary system occur during pregnancy. What change persists after birth?
A. Striae gravidarum
An A is a red, raised nodule on the gums that bleeds easily.
A) epulis
Can be observed in pregnant women, but disappears afterward.
"A", or mask of pregnancy, is a blotchy, brown hyperpigmentation of the skin over the cheeks, nose, and forehead, especially in dark-complexioned pregnant women.
Chloasma
Chloasma usually fades after the birth.
"A", or vascular spiders, are tiny, star-shaped or branchlike, slightly raised, pulsating end-arterioles usually found on the neck, thorax, face, and arms. They occur as a result of elevated levels of circulating estrogen. These usually disappear after birth.
A) Telangiectasia
"A", or stretch marks, reflect separation within the underlying connective tissue of the skin. After birth they usually fade, although they never disappear completely.
A) Striae gravidarum
A woman who has completed one pregnancy with a fetus (or fetuses) reaching the stage of fetal viability is called a:
D. Primipara.
para comes from the word parity, meaning
a viable fetus
To reassure and educate pregnant patients about changes in their breasts, nurses should be aware that:
A. Lactation is inhibited until the estrogen level declines after birth.
The mammary glands are functionally complete by A.
A) midpregnancy
A first-time mother at 18 weeks of gestation is in for her regularly scheduled prenatal visit. The woman tells the nurse that she is afraid that she is going into premature labor because she is beginning to have regular contractions. The nurse explains that this is the Braxton Hicks sign and teaches the woman that this type of contraction:
A. Is painless.
Soon after the A month of gestation, uterine contractions can be felt through the abdominal wall. B are regular and painless and continue throughout the pregnancy. Although they are not painful, some women complain that they are annoying.
A) fourth
B) Braxton Hicks contractions
Braxton Hicks contractions usually cease with A
A) walking or exercise.
Braxton Hicks contractions can be mistaken for true labor; however, they do not A or B.
A) increase in intensity or frequency
B) cause cervical dilation.
Braxton Hicks contractions facilitate uterine blood flow through the A and thereby B.
A) intervillous spaces of the placenta
B) promote oxygen delivery to the fetus
ptyalism
excessive salivation - a complaint of some pregnant women, who also may have bleeding gums
pyrosis
heartburn
Muscles gradually regain tone after birth. However, A may persist.
A) distasis recti abdominis
"A" develops in the lubosacral curve as a result of pregnancy
A) lodosis - an increase in the normal curve
Women with sever acne taking isotretinoin (Accutane) should...
avoid pregnancy because this drug is teratogenic with major malformations.
leukorrhea
white or yellow mucus discharge from cervical canal or vagina that may be normal or pathological
during preg w/ faintly musty odor
Ballottement
floating fetus rebounds
"A" occurs when the fetus begins to descend and drop into the pelvis.
