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Apparent Magnitude
How bright an object looks from Earth
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Luminosity
Light output of an object
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Metric system, English system examples
(nano, micro, milli, centi, deci, -meter, deca, hecto, kilo, mega, giga) Miles, Kilometers,
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what are measurements used to measure distance in the solar system, Milky Way, and astronomy in general
Light years, Astronomical units. etc.
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what is 10 to the 4th and what is 10 to the negative 4th
100000- .0010
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what does the H-R diagram measure
Intrinsic Brightness, Faintness, Size, Temperature, absolute magnitude
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what temp and and absolute magnitude is the sun
G-2, 4.83
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size of the milky way
30-40 kiloparsecs, or 100,000 lightyears.
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Meteoroid, meteor, meteorite.
meteriod is in space, meteor, is entering the atmosphere, meteorite is a rock on our ground
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diameter of the sun compared to earth
109 earth diameters
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mass of the sun compared to earth
332,943 earth masses
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interior of sun has how many zones? and what are they
3 zones, core, radiation, convection
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what produces the suns energy, (how does the sun work with the energy)
the Core then the radiation has it carried outward by photons, and the convection zone has energy carried outward by mass motion convection.
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the sun has an atmosphere with how many layers? what are they
photosphere temp is 5,750K, chromosphere temp is 100,000K , Corona is 1-2 x10 ot the 6th K
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sunspots
long term features (few weeks) cooler regions in the photosphere
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granules
short term features columns of gases moving in photospere bright: blue-shifted; dark; red-shifted
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faculae
bright, hot gases located near sunspots
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how long is a solar cycle
11 year period(butterfly pattern), 22 year period(magnetic field of sun flips)
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Solar Wind
general expulsion of material from the Sun, in the form of highly charged particles, made of ionized Hydrogen, protons and electrons.
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what are most things on the sun controlled by?
magnetic activity of the Sun
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what is the inward force(s) of the sun
Gravity
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what are the outward forces of the sun?
Gas pressure, radiation pressure
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why doesnt the sun blow itself apart? and what is it called
because inward forces balance outward forces, Hydrostatic equilibrium
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Energy produced=luminosity
thermal equilibrium
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what creates sunspots
magnetic activity
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energy sources (sun)
Combustion-fossil fuel, Contraction- conversion of gravitational potential energy to kinetic energy to thermal energy
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Thermal Energy
Total random, microscopic, kinetic Energy of particles in a substance
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Temperature
Celcius, Farenhieght, Kelvin, Average random, microscopic K.E. of the particles in a substance
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properties measured of stars are?
Luminosity, size, temperature, Mass
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most direct method of determining stellar distances is to use the-----
Parallax technique
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what is a Parsec
distance measurement, 1pc= 3.26 light years, 1pc= 206,265 AUs
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what are the two things that determine the apparent magnitude of a star(don't think complicated)
Luminosity and distance
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absolute magnitude
brightness of a star seen from 10 Parsecs
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Type (_)'s of stars
O B A F G K M
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what 95% of stars can be found on the ____________ and they are mostly________
Main sequence, Dwarf stars
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