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apnea
absence or cessation of breathing
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arrhythmia
an abnormality or irregularity in the heart rhythm
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bounding
a pulse that feels full because of increased power of cardiac contraction or as a result of increased blood volume
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bradycardia
a slow heartbeat , a pulse belwo 60 beats per minute
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bradypnea
respirations that are regular in rhythm but slower than normal in rate
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cerumen
a waxy secretion in the ear canal , ear wax
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chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
a progressive , irreversible lung condition that results in diminished lung capacity
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diurnal rhythm
a pattern of activity or behavior that follows a day-night cycle
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dyspnea
difficult or painful breathing
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essential hypertension
elevated blood pressure of unknown cause that develops for no apparent reason also called primary hypertension
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febrile
pertaining to an elevated body temperature
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homeostatsis
internal adaptation and change in response to environmental factors. body's functions balance
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hyperpnea
an increase in the depth of breathing
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hypertension
high blood pressure
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hyperventilation
abnormally prolonged and deep breathing usually associated with acute anxiety or emotional tension
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hypotension
blood pressure that is below normal ( systolic below 90/ diastolic below 50mm Hg)
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intermittent pulse
a pulse in which beats ocasionally are skipped
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orthopnea
a condition in which an individual must sit or stand to breathe comfortably
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orthostatic (postural) hypotension
a temporary fall in blood pressure when a person rapdily changes form a recumbent position to a standing position
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otitis externa
inflammation or infection of the external auditory canal ( swimmer's ear)
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peripheral
area outside of or away from an organ or structure
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pulse deficit
radial pulse is less than the apical pulse , it may indicate a peripheral vascular abnormality
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pulse pressure
the difference between the systolic and the diastolic blood pressure 30 to 50 mmHg is considered normal
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pyrexia
a febrile condition or fever
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rales
crackling breath sounds during inspiration
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rhonchi
rumbling sounds on expiration
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secondary hypertension
elevated blood pressure resulting from another condition , typically kidney disease
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sinus arrhythmia
irregular heartbeat that originates in the sinoatrial node ( pace maker)
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spirometer
an instrument that measures the volume of air inhaled and exhaled
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stertorous
a strenuous respiratory effort marked by a snoring soung
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tachycardia
a rapid but regular heart rate that exceeds 100 beats per minute
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tachypnea
rapid shallow breathing
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thready
pulse that is scarcely perceptilbe
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wheezing
a high-pitched sound heard on expiration , obstruction or narrowing of respiratory passages
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body temperature
the balance between the heat lost and the heat produced by the body
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vital signs (TPR)
temperature, pulse , respirtion and BP blood pressure
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vital signs are also called
cardinal signs
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anthropometic measurements
height , weight , fat composition or head circumference in infants
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factors that affect body temperature
- age
- stress and physical activity
- smoking , drinking , hot fluids
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new born vital signs
pulse 120-160
respirations 30-50
blood pressure 60-96 30-62
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toddlers vital signs
pulse 90-140
respirations 20-30
blood pressure 78-112/48-78
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preschool vital signs
pulse 80-110
respirations 18-26
blood pressure 78-112/50-82
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school age vital signs
pulse 75-110
respirations 16-22
blood pressure 85-114/52-85
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adolescent vital signs
pulse 60-100
respirations 14-20
blood pressure 94-136/58-88
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adult vital signs
pulse 60-110
respirations 12-20
blood pressure 100-140/60-90
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continuous fever
rises and falls only slightly during the 24-hour period but remains above average normal ranges
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intermittent fever
comes and goes or it spikes then returns to average range
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remittent fever
has great fluctuation but never returns to the average range. constant fever
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