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Frontalis
- Origin: Galea aponeurotica
- Insertion: Skin superior to orbit
- Action: raises eyebrow, draws scalp anteriorly
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Orbicularis oculi
- Origin: frontal bone, maxilla
- Insertion: skin of eyelid
- Action: closes eye
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Temporalis
- Origin: Temporal fossa
- Insertion: Coronoid process & mandibular ramus
- Action: Elevates & retracts mandible
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Masseter
- Origin: Zygomatic arch
- Insertion: lateral ramus of mandible
- Action: elevates and protracts mandible
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zygomaticus major & minor
- Origin: zygomatic bone
- Insertion: muscle & skin at angle of mouth
- Action: elevates and abducts upper lip
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Orbicularis oris
- Origin: Fascia of facial muscles, maxilla and mandible
- Insertion: skin of lips
- Action: close lips
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Digastic
- Origin: Mastoid process of temporal (posterior belly)
- Insertion: madible near midline (anterior belly)
- Action: elevates, protracts, and tracts hyoid; depresses mandible
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Sternocleidomastoid
- Origin: manubrium and medial clavicle
- Insertion: Mastiod process, superior nucal line
- Action:
- -One: rotates and extends neck
- -Both: flex neck
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Platysma
- Origin: Fascia covering pectoralis major and deltoid
- Insertion: skin over inferior border of mandible
- Action: depresses lower lip
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Trapezius
- Origin: Occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T12
- Insertion: Clavicle, acromion procession, and scapular spine
- Action: Extends & laterally flexes neck
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Pectoralis major
- Origin: clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-7
- Insertion: crest of greater tubercle of humerus
- Action: flexes, adducts, and medially rotates arm
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Pectoralis minor
- Origin: ribs 3-5
- Insertion: coracoid process of scapula
- Action: depresses glenoid cavity, raises ribs 3-5
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Serratus anterior
- Origin: Ribs 1-9
- Insertion: medial border of scapula
- Action: abducts scapula
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Rectus abdominis
- Origin: pubic crest, symphysis pubis
- Insertion: inferior ribs, xiphoid process
- Action: flexes vertebral column, compresses abdominal wall
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External abdominal oblique
- Origin: Ribs 5-12
- Insertion: inguinal ligament iliac crest, rectus sheath
- Action: compresses abdominal wall, laterally rotates trunk
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Internal abdominal oblique
- Origin: inguinal ligament, iliac crest, lumbar fascia
- Insertion: linea alba, ribs 10-12, rectus sheath
- Action: compresses abdominal wall, laterally rotates trunk
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Transverse abdominis
- Origin: inguinal ligament, iliac crest, ribs 7-12
- Insertion: xiphoid process, linea alba, crest of pubis
- Action: compresses abdominal wall, laterally rotates trunk
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Latissimus dorsi
- Origin: spinous processes of T7-L5; sacrum and iliac creat; inferior angle of scapula in some people
- Insertion: medial crest of intertubercular groove
- Action: adducts and medially rotates arm; extends shoulder
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Tendinous intersection of muscles???
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Biceps bracii
- Origin: supraglenoid tubercle, coracoid process of scapula
- Insertion: radial tuberosity
- Action: flexes arm, flexes forearm, supinates hand
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Deltoid
- Origin: clavicle, acromion process, spine of scapula
- Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
- Action: abducts, flexes, extends arm, medially and laterally rotates arm
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Triceps brachii
- Origin: infraglenoid tuberosity of scapula, lateral and posterior surface of humerus
- Insertion: olecranon process of ulna
- Action: extends and adducts arm extends forearms
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Brachialis
- Origin: anterior, distal surface of humerus
- Action: flexes forearm
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Brachioradialis
- Origin: later suprocondylar ridge of humerus
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Flexor carpi radialis
- Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
- Action: flexes and abducts hand
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Flexor carpi ulnaris
- Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus & ulna
- Action: flexes and adducts hand
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Extensor digitorum
- Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
- Action: extends phalanges 2-5, extends hand
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Extensor carpi ulnaris
- Origin: lateral edpicondyle of humerus, proximal ulna
- Action: extends and adducts hand
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Tensor fascia latae
- Origin: anterior superior iliac spine
- Insertion: lateral condyle of tibia
- Action: flexes, abducts and medially rotates thigh
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Sartorius
- Origin: anterior superior iliac spine
- Insertion: proximal, medial tibia
- Action: flexes and laterally rotates thigh, flexes leg
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Gracilis
- Origin: Pubis (near symphysis)
- Insertion: proximal, medial tibia
- Action: adducts thigh, flexes leg
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Rectus femoris
- Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine
- Insertion: tibial tuberosity by the patellar ligaments
- Action: flexes thigh, extends leg
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Vastus lateralis
- Origin: greater trochanter & linea asper of femur
- Insertion: Tibial tuberosity by the patellar ligaments
- Action: extends leg
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Vastus intermedius
- origin: proximal, anterior femur
- Action: extends leg
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Vastus medialis
- Origin: linea aspera of femur on medial side
- Insertion: tibial tuberosity by the patellar ligament
- Action: extends leg
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Tibialis anterior
- Origin: tibia (interosseous membrane)
- Insertion: metetarsal 1 & cuneiform 1
- Action: dorsiflexes & inverts foot
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Extensor digitorum longus
- Origin: lateral condyle of tibia, shaft of fibula
- Insertion: middle & distal phalanges of digits 2-5
- Action: extends toes 2-5, dorsiflexes and everts foot
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Extensor hallicus longus
- Origin: anterior shaft of fibula (interosseous membrane)
- Insertion: distal phalanx of hallux (big toe)
- Action: extends hallux, dorsiflexes foot, inverts foot
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Supraspinatus
- Origin: scapula
- Insertion: humerus
- Action: Abduction of arm & Holds head of humerus in glenoid cavity
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Infraspinatus
- Origin: Scapula
- Insertion: Humerus
- Action: Lateral rotation of arm & Holds head of humerus in glenoid cavity
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Teres minor
- Origin: Scapula
- Insertion: Humerus
- Action: Lateral rotation of arm, Holds head of humerus in glenoid cavity, Adduction of arm
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Subscapularis
- Origin: Scapula
- Insertion: Humerus
- Action: Medial rotation of arm & Holds head of humerus in glenoid cavity
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Rhomboid major
- Origin: Spinous processes T2-5
- Insertion: Scapula
- Action: adduction of scapula & Elevation of scapula
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Rhomboid minor
- Origin: Spinous process of C7-T1
- Insertion: Scapula
- Action: adduction of scapula & Elevation of scapula
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Latissimus Dorsi
- Origin: Sacral and lumbar spines, Ilium (iliac crest), Ribs (lower 4), Spinous processes of T6-12 vertebrae, Scapula
- Insertion: Humerus
- Action: Adduction of arm, Extension of arm & Medial rotation of arm
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Trapezius
- Origin:
- Occipital bone, Nuchal ligament,Vertebra prominens (spinous process of C7 vertebra), Spinous processes of T1-12 vertebrae
- Insertion: Clavicle & Scapula
- Action:
- Upper fibers: elevation of scapula; superior rotation of scapula (glenoid cavity directed superiorly)
- Middle fibers: retraction (adduction) of scapula
- Lower fibers: depression of scapula
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