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Frontalis
- Origin: Galea aponeurotica
- Insertion: Skin superior to orbit
- Action: raises eyebrow, draws scalp anteriorly
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Orbicularis oculi
- Origin: frontal bone, maxilla
- Insertion: skin of eyelid
- Action: closes eye
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Temporalis
- Origin: Temporal fossa
- Insertion: Coronoid process & mandibular ramus
- Action: Elevates & retracts mandible
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Masseter
- Origin: Zygomatic arch
- Insertion: lateral ramus of mandible
- Action: elevates and protracts mandible
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zygomaticus major & minor
- Origin: zygomatic bone
- Insertion: muscle & skin at angle of mouth
- Action: elevates and abducts upper lip
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Orbicularis oris
- Origin: Fascia of facial muscles, maxilla and mandible
- Insertion: skin of lips
- Action: close lips
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Digastic
- Origin: Mastoid process of temporal (posterior belly)
- Insertion: madible near midline (anterior belly)
- Action: elevates, protracts, and tracts hyoid; depresses mandible
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Sternocleidomastoid
- Origin: manubrium and medial clavicle
- Insertion: Mastiod process, superior nucal line
- Action:
- -One: rotates and extends neck
- -Both: flex neck
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Platysma
- Origin: Fascia covering pectoralis major and deltoid
- Insertion: skin over inferior border of mandible
- Action: depresses lower lip
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Trapezius
- Origin: Occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T12
- Insertion: Clavicle, acromion procession, and scapular spine
- Action: Extends & laterally flexes neck
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Pectoralis major
- Origin: clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-7
- Insertion: crest of greater tubercle of humerus
- Action: flexes, adducts, and medially rotates arm
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Pectoralis minor
- Origin: ribs 3-5
- Insertion: coracoid process of scapula
- Action: depresses glenoid cavity, raises ribs 3-5
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Serratus anterior
- Origin: Ribs 1-9
- Insertion: medial border of scapula
- Action: abducts scapula
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Rectus abdominis
- Origin: pubic crest, symphysis pubis
- Insertion: inferior ribs, xiphoid process
- Action: flexes vertebral column, compresses abdominal wall
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External abdominal oblique
- Origin: Ribs 5-12
- Insertion: inguinal ligament iliac crest, rectus sheath
- Action: compresses abdominal wall, laterally rotates trunk
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