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The properties of electromagnetic energy include ______, _______, ___________, and ___________.
frequency, wavelength, velocity, amplitude
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xrays, visible light, and radiofrequencies are examples of _________________.
electromagnetic energy
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Ever present all around us is a field or state of energy called ______________________.
electromagnetic energy
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Electromagnetic energy exists over a wide range called an energy ______________.
continuum
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A__________is an uninteruppted or.dered sequence
continuum
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A_______is the smallest quantity of any type of electromagnetic energy.
photon
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An xray ________ is a quantum of __________ energy.
photon, electromagnetic
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______are energy disturbances that move through space at the speed of light(c).
photons
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The speed of light =
3x10 to the 8 power
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Visible light has both electric and _________ properties. hence the term ________.
magnetic, electromagnetic
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Photons have no mass and therfor no identifiable form, they do have electric and magnetic fields that are continuosly changing in a _________ fashion.
sinusoidal
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The velocity of electromagnetic radiation is ________.
3 x10 to the 8thpower(the speed of light)
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___________waves are variations in amplitude over time.
Sine
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__________is one-half the range from crest to valley over which the sine wave varies.
amplitude
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The important properties of the sine wave model of electromagnectic energy are ________ and ________.
frequency(f) and wavelength(λ)
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___________is the number of wavelengths that pass a point of observation per second,
frequency(f)
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____________is the distance from one crest to another, from one valley to another, or from one point on the sine wav to the next corresponding point.
wavelength(λ)
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Is amplitude related to wavelength or frequency?
no
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Three wave parameters are needed to describe electromagnetic energy:
wavelength, frequency, velocity
(amplitude not needed)
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The shorter the wavelength(λ) the ______the frequency(f).
higher.
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The wave equation:
Velocity=frequency x wavelength
v=fλ
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At a given _______, wavelength and frequency are _______ _____________.
velocity, inversely proportional
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As the frequency of electromagnetic energy increases the wavelength _______ and vice versa.
shortens
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The known electromagnetic spectrum has three regions most important to radiologic science:______, _______, _______. Other portions of the spetrum include ultraviolet light, infrared light, and microwave radiation.
1)visible light 2)x and gamma radiation 3)radiofrequency
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Diagnostic ultrasound is NOT part of the _______ _________.
electromagnetic spectrum
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The energy of a photon is directly proportional to its __________.
frequency
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An ______ photon has considerably more energy than a visible light photon or a RF photon. The frequency of _______is much _______ and the wavelength is much _____ than other types of electromagnetic radiation.
xray, x-radiation higher, shorter
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The only distinction between xrays and gamma rays is their _______.
- origin
- xrays are emitted from the electron cloud and gamma rays from inside the nucleus of a radioactive atom.
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Visible light is identified by ________, radiofrequency by ____________, and xrays are identified by _______.
wavelength, frequency, energy
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A photon of x-radiation and a photon of visible light are fundamentally the same except that x-radiation has much higher ________, and hence a _______ wavelength than visible light.
frequency, shorter
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Visible light photons tend to behave more like ______ than _______. The oppoite is true of xray photons, which behave more like ______ than _______.
waves, particles, particles, waves
- Light(more wave-like)
- X-rays(more particle -like)
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The phenomenon that photons have of behaving both like particles and waves is known as ________________________.
wave-particle duality
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X-rays behave as though they are _________.
particles
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Visible light behaves like a ____________.
wave.
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Electromagnetic energy _________ is the reduction in intensity that results from scattering and absorption.
attenuation
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Structures that absorb xrays are called _______.
radiopaque (like bone) shows up on xray
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Structures that transmit xrays are called _________.
radiolucent(soft tissue) doesn't show up on xray_
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Electromagnetic energy intensity is ______ related to the ______ of the distance from the source. This is called the ________ _______ _________.
inversely, square, inverse square law
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I1=I2(d2/d1)2
Inverse square law
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If the distance from a source doubles then the intensity will be _________ the original amount
1/4
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If the distance from a source is half as far then the intensity with _______ more.
4 times
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The xray photon is a _______ bundle of _______.
discrete, energy
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Xrays are created with the speed of light or they _________________.
do not exist at all.
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Photon energy is ______ proportional to photon frequency.
directly
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The constant of proportionality, known as ______ ____ is symbolized by h and has the numerical value of ______________.
Planck's constant, 4.15 x 10 to the -13th power
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Planck's Quantum Equation:
E=hf
where E is the photon energy, h is Planck's constant, and f is the photon frequency in hertz
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The law of _______ states that matter can be neither created nor destroyed. The law _______states that energy can neither be created not destroyed.
conservation of matter, conservation of energy
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