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To establish a positive classroom culture/environment we should:
Use WORDS and ACTIONS to show that he/she is approachable and is concerned about the students:
- Language choice
- Clothing and grooming
- body language
- room arrangement
- Useing classroom activities to establish an interactive, open climate:
- Activities that allow students to participate
- Activities that help students succeed
- Activities that are meaningful
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To maintain a positive, open atmosphere
- displan an attitude of open acceptance to student contributions
- use verbal and non-verbal praise of student constributions
- Never tolerate student rudeness or hostile criticism of one anothere
- Do not show favoritism towar a student or a viewpoint
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What does GLO stand for?
General Learning Outcomes
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What are the General Learning Outcomes?
Knowledge, Skills, Behavior/Attitudes
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What is a capstone course?
A final course in a student's academic major taht brings together and culminates hi or her educational experience
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What is a syllabus?
A summary or outline of a course that includes essential information for a student's orientation, understanding, and success.
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What is a rebound question?
This question is given right back to the student that asked it. "That's an interesting question Stephen. What would you do in that situation?"
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What is a redirect question?
A question asked by one student, is asked to another student, "Judy, how would you handle the problem Cindy identified?"
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What is a general question?
This question is offered to the group at large and anyone may answer
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What is a specific question?
This question is directed to a specific student, "Fred, you've worked at front desk. What would you do?"
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What is a follow-up question?
A question based on a student's comments: "Bob, why do you think it will be difficult?"
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In general should be use open-ended or close-ended questions?
Open Ended
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What is speaker anxiety and how do you reduce it?
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What are the advantages of a field trip?
- allows students to observe procedures, skills, and behaviors in actual hospitality settings
- privides an enriching alternative to classroom teaching
- allows suduents to get to know one another better and to interact on hospitality issues
- motivates students to a higher level of interest
- combines the practical information gained on the field trip with the theory presented in the classroom
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What are the disadvantages of a field trip?
- Requires considerable planning by the teacher for it to be successful
- Requires cooperation of the host site
- Timing of visit must be coordinated with the sites's availability
- Student transportation can be a problem
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What is a vocalized pause?
A distracting sound such as (uhm, er, or ah) uttered by a speaker that interrupts his or her message.
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What does the acronym
KCAASE
stand for?
Knowledge, Comprehension, Application, Analysis, Sythesis, Evaluation
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Who's taxonomy is KCAASE?
Bloom
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Verbs for Knowledge
List, state, define, memorize, name, repeat, recite, label
Students can recite or memorize objects or concepts
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Verbs for Comprehension
describe, explain, identify, discuss, summarize
Students can elaborate upon what they have learned. They can explain the concept using their own words.
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Verbs for Application
Apply, Use, Demonstyrate, Practice, Illustrate, Sketch, Prepare
Students understand what they have learned and can apply it in a real world situation.
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Verbs for Analysis
Analyze, Distinguish, Differentiate, Calculate, Solve, Diagram
Students can look at an opject or concept and break it down into its parts.
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Verbs for Synthesis
Compose, Plan, Propose, Design, Create, Rewrite, Develop
Given the parts, students assemble them to construct a unique object or concept.
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Verbs for Evaluation
Critique, Appraise, Judge, Measure, Assess, Estimate, Justify
Students can judge the value or quality of the object or concept.
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What is a game?
structured activity in which participants compete within a set of rules to achieve an objective
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What is a simulation?
a scaled-down enactment of reality.
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Effective endings include?
- Revisit Main Topics: List main topics discussed that day
- Cliffhanging: Posing a thought-provoking question or problem to students
- Questing: students are sent out of class to seek information (possibly in the assigned reading)
- The Minute Essay: Students write a response to one or two questions during the last 3 to 5 minutes of class
- One Question Quiz: Give a one question quiz on the material just covered.
- The Whip: Go arround the room asking each student to individually respond to a question with one word or a short phrase (what was one surprise is today's class?)
- Collective Summary: Have students generate a summary of the day's main points.
- Five Question Quiz: prior to class, create five true/false or multiple choice questions on the key concepts to be covered
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What does CPRS stand for?
Conditional, Preformance, Repetition, Standard
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What is CPRS an acronym of?
Components of Instructional Objectives
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What is an instructional objective?
Statement describing an instructional outcome
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What is the Condition part of the instructional objective?
Circumstances or situations under which students will complete the performance
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What is the Performance part of the instructional objective?
What the students will be able to do
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What is the Repetition part of the instructional objective?
Number of times the competence must be demonstrated
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What is the Standard part of the instructional objective?
Minimum level of performance that is acceptable
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What is typically a good length for a lecture presentation?
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What does the acronym LEARN stand for
Let, Engage, Allow, Reconnect, Nudge
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LEARN is what?
Conditions for adult learning
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The L in Learn
Let discussion happen
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The E in LEARN?
Engage their experience
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The A in LEARN?
Allow active involvement
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The R in LEARN?
Reconnect content relevant to their experiences
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The N in LEARN?
Nudge or Initiate numberous activities (to appeal to different learning styles)
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What are the four steps to planning a lesson?
- 1. Identify subject matter
- 2. Identify general learning outcomes (GLOs)
- 3. Prepare instructional objectives (IO's)
- 4. Prepare lesson plan details
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Any spoken message consists of 3 elements
Verbal (7%), Vocal(38%), Visual(55%)
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What is a symposim?
Each panel member, in turn, presents a brief speech on a single topic or problem
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What is a panel?
Panel members interact directly withg one another on a specific issue
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What is a forum?
The period of time when an audience asks questions of the members of a panel or symposium
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What is feedback?
The information a teacher gives students about how they are performing
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What kinds of non-verbal communication can be useful in teaching?
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What is a prerequisite?
A course or requirement a student must complete before they can enroll in a course.
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What are examples of effective presentation styles?
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of student projects?
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What are course objectives?
Specific statesments that identify what students should be able to do after having successfully completed a course
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What are examples of non-verbal communication?
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What are formative evaluations?
ongoing evaluation conducted during a course providing continuous feedback to determine progress toward learning objectives
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What are summative evaluations?
Conducted at the end of a learning unit or course (final exam)
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What does INTRO stand for?
- Interest
- Need
- Time
- Range
- Objectives
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What is a test blueprint?
Method of evaluating a test to detmine if the question cover all instructional objectives and Bloom's Six Levels of learning
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How can you reduce cheating in the classroom?
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What is training?
Training prepares a person to perform a specifice job-related skill or set of skills
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What is education?
Student is obtaining knowledge that will not be immediately applied
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How can humor be effectively used in the classroom?
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What is an in-basket?
An interactive teaching technique where students review and prioritize a set of job tasks
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What is included in the student/teacher relationship?
- 1. get to know each student
- 2. recognize the student as an individual
- 3. recognize the student as a person of value
- 4. provide constructive feedback
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What are the three types of essays?
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To avoid a negative classroom environment:
- avoid embarassing students who make mistakes
- avoid activities that make students compete with one another
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A positive academic environment towards diversity helps hospitality students:
practice behaviors and skills that will help them interact appropriately with future guests and co-workers
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Students are motivated by classroom methads and information that relate to their:
- past experiences
- interestes and values
- future
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How can you help students become motivated learners?
- demonstrate the need for learning
- relate negative consequences if you dont have this info
- encourage students
- commend students when they are successful
- generate intterest
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Classroom culture/environment is established when?
first day of class
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Visual Delivery
- Facial expression
- Eye contact
- Posture and movement
- Proper use of lectern
- Gestures
- Appearance-clothing and grooming
- Distractinvg visual mannerisms-unnessesary movements or gestures
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Vocal Delivery
- Volume-loudness and softness of voice
- Rate-the number of words per minute
- Pitch-the highness or lowness of voice
- Articulation, grammar, and pronunciation
- Vocalized pauses-a distracting word or word sound
- Vocal variety-using different rates, pitches, and volume levels
- Distracting vocal mannerisms-unnecessary sounds
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Verbal delivery
- word choice
- use terms consistently
- be word efficient
- be aware of accents
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Vitality
being excited about the material
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What are some tips for general classroom communication?
- be yourself
- encourage student participation
- study and practice effective personal presentation
- listen
- use humor
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How can we use humor effectively?
- humor should make a point and should emphasize a learning concept, not replace it
- if you want to tell a joke on someone, tell it on yourself
- if you have the slightest concern that the humor may make someone uncomfortable or embarrassed, dont use it
- use homor in moderation
- what is humerous changes from culture to culture
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Two Main types of Feedback?
Oral feedback - during class (can be given to individuals or the entire class)
Written feedback - can use an evaluation checklist
Feedback should be given in a timely manner (less than 2 weeks from assignment)
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Whare is teaching in the margins?
comments written in the margins of essays or term papers
- give respectful comments
- be clear and useful in what you write
- use ink of a non-red color
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What are suggested activities for ending a course?
- create essay questions for the final exam
- shake hands
- chapter collages
- play games that summarize
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What are four content presentation methods?
- lecture
- demonstration
- field trip
- symposium/panel/forum
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What are some tips for a successful lecture?
- lecture achieves a specific learning objective
- know your subject
- keep lecutes short
- make your points clearly and directly
- prepare thoroughly
- use a positive personal presentation style
- Use techniques to motiveate students to listen to the lecture
- used techniques to gain students interest
- use techniques to aid students udnerstantding and retention
- Use techniques to involve students in the lecutre
- Use techniques to reinforce information presented in the lecture
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What is norm-referenced testing/grading?
compares students against other pretested students, rquires large numbers of tested students to develop reliable comparisons
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What is brainstorming?
An interactive teaching method whte students contribute responses to a problem or need statement
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Demonstrations can be used to:
- develop motor skills
- teach problem-solving skills
- teach analytical skills
- illustrate a principle or why a method or procedure works
- teach teamwork
- teach interpersonal skills
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Advantages of demonstrations
- because it is visual, a deomonstration helps students understand and retain information
- a deomonstration gives students a model to follow
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Disadvantages of demonstrations
- may require equipment
- may not allow all students to see well
- may require special classroom setup
- must be done accurately to be meaningful
- can be difficult with large groups
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When an interactive activity becomes student driven, the teacher asumes the role of
- coach and monitor
- at the end ot the activity the teacher's role becomes that of debriefing and identifying the relevence of the exercise
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Interactive opportunities include
- project
- student presentation
- case study
- in-basket exercise
- games and simulations
- brainstorming
- role play
- small group discussion
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Types of formative evaluations
- discussion participation
- class activities
- feedback paper
- one-on-one discussions and conferences
- homework assignments
- weekly quizzes
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Types of summative evaluation
- criterion-reference testing: measures student performance according to criteria specified in a courses instructional objectives
- norm-reference testing- compares students against other pretested students, requires large numbers of tested students to develop reliable comparisons
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There are five types of test items
- multiple choice
- matching
- true-false
- completion
- essay
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There are three types of essays
What does PRE stand for?
provocative, restricted, extended
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What is a provacative essay?
requires students to take a position on a statement and defend it
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What is a restricted essay?
poses a specific problem and requires students to recall and organize information and develop a conclusino within the limits of that problem
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What is a extended response essay?
students determine the length and direction of responses
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Methods to decrease cheating
- when starting a course, quote your institution's policy on cheating at the beginning of a course or in the syllabus
- when starting a course, set ground rules or behaviors of conduct that the class will follow throughout the course.
- monitoring exams: implement strong punishment if caught
- require students to sit in every other seat.
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student retention
- reading 10% remembered
- listen 20% remembered
- see 30% remembered
- see/hear 50% remembered
- studygroups/group discussion (talk over) 70% remembered
- role play/in-basket (use and do) 80% remembered
- student presentations/one-on-one training (teach others) 95% remembered
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When a teacher or one of the students monopolizes the classroom discussion
excessive control
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CHE stock pot
centralizes teacher evealuation comments
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For communicating ideas and feelings
hearing, sight, touch
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